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Directorat General

of Chemicals,Agriculture & Forestry Industries

Ministry Of Industry and Trade

NATIONAL PROFILE
TO ASSESS THE NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS
IN
INDONESIA

Introduction to the National Profile
Executive Summary of the National Profile
Chapter 1 National Background Information
Chapter 2 Chemical Production, Import, Export and Use
Chapter 3 Priority Concerns Ralated to Chemical Production, Import, Export and Use
Chapter 4 Legal Instruments and Non-Regulatory Mechanisms for Managing Chemical
Chapter 5 Ministries, Agencies and Other Institutions Managing Chemicals
Chapter 6 Relevant Activities of Industry, Public Interess Groups and the Research Sector
Chapter 7 Inter-Ministerial Commissions and Co-ordinating Mechanisms
Chapter 8 Data Access and Use
Chapter 9 Technical Infrastructure
Chapter 10 International Linkages
Chapter 11 Awareness/Understanding of Workers and the Public
Chapter 12 Resource Availabile and Needed for Chemicals Management
ANNEXES
Annex 1 Member of the National Working Team
Annex 2 Member of the Working Groups
Annex 3 Geographic Sturture the Republic of Indonesia
Annex 4 Acronyms
Annex 5 Glossary

Introduction to the National Profile

Linkage of the National Profile to the International Policy Framework for the Sound Management of Chemicals.

Chemicals including pesticide, industrial chemicals, consumer chemicals have become indispensable in many economic activities and are increasingly used in the industrial, agricultural and consumer sectors of all societies. However, increasing evidence suggests that chemicals can contribute to health and environmental problems at various stages during their life cycle from import, production through disposal. The majority of such problem is associated with the use and misuse, improper handling of pesticides in the agricultural sector, but increasingly industrial and consumer chemicals are reported to cause severe health and environmental problems as countries develop from agricultural to industrial societies.

In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro (Rio Conference), heads of states of government from more than 150 member countries adopted "Agenda 21", a comprehensive document outlining responsibilities of states towards the achievement of sustainable development.

Agenda 21 chapter 19 deals with environmentally sound management of chemicals. All countries present at the Rio Conference agreed on the goal of achieving the sound management of chemicals by the year 2000.

In 1994, the International Conference on Chemical Safety held in Stockholm, Sweden brought together high level representatives from more than 100 countries to identify six programme areas as priorities for action :

Expanding and accelerating international assessment of chemical risks
Harmonisation of classification and labelling of chemicals
Information exchange of toxic chemicals and chemical risks
Establishment of risk reduction programmes
Strengthening national capabilities and capacities for the management of chemicals
Prevention of illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products

Indonesia has participated in the Rio Conference and the Stockholm conference, which established the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemicals Safety (IFCS). The Stockholm conference, also marking the first meeting of the IFCS, through which, countries regularly discuss the activities to implement the six programme priorities for achieving the sound management of chemicals.

Developing the national profile falls under the programme area E of Chapter 19, "Strengthening national capabilities and capacities for management of chemicals" A Guidance Document has been prepared to assist countries in preparing national profile. It has been prepared by United Nations Instituted for Training and Research (UNITAR). Under the umbrella of the Interorganization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC), a co-operative agreement of FAO, ILO, OECD, UNEP, UNIDO and WHO and in close co-operation with the secretariat of the IFCS.

National objectives and anticipated Benefits of Preparing the Profile

At the inter-ministerial meeting held in April 1996, it was agreed that the preparation of the national profile was necessary and the national profile can serve the following objectives :

To establish an authoritative document which can serve as the basis for further efforts to strengthen the national system for the management of chemicals through involvement of all concerned parties.

Improved Efficiency of Governmental Operations

to provide practical information on ongoing programmes and activities in the country which are concerned with the management of chemicals;
to establish a process which can facilitate the exchange of information and dialogue among government ministries concerned with the sound management of chemicals, and to assist ministries in learning from each others experience as a basis for improved co-operation;
to strengthen national decision-making capabilities related to the management of chemicals;
to facilitate the exchange of information and dialogue between government and parties outside of government such as industry, labour and grass-roots organisations.

Social Benefits

to provide a basis for improved worker, public and environmental protection as the consequence of improved knowledge and understanding of potential problems and alternative means for addressing them;
to provide a basis for improved awareness of chemicals risks among workers and the public and help to develop a national safety culture; and
to establish a national dialogue on chemicals safety/management involving all concerned parties and sector of society.

Economic/Trade Benefits

to facilities trade in chemicals, and agricultural and industrial products which rely on chemicals;
to help ensure that chemicals produced, imported and exported are supporting economic goals and are not creating economic burdens through health, environmental and safety problems;
to improve awareness of potential pesticide residue problems which could limit opportunities for agricultural exports, and
to indirectly improve the productivity of workers through improved worker safety.

More Effective Participation in International Activities

to ease compliance with international/regional reporting schemes in a consistent and efficient manner, e.g., reporting to the Commission on Sustainable Development and the preparation of background documents for international meeting and workshops;
to facilitate communication among countries, which will permit improved learning from other experiences and lead to increased co-operation (e.g., on a regional basis); and
to provide a basis for identifying needs for technical and financial assistance and for mobilising assistance resources available from international and bilateral sources.

Preparation of the national profile and participation of ministries and organisations

The preparation of a National Profile of Indonesia was funded by UNITAR. At the intersectoral meeting held on 20 November 1996, Directorate General of Drug and Food Control Ministry of Health was appointed as the national co-ordinator to prepare a national profile to assess the national infrastructure for the management of chemicals, and the secretariat is located at the Directorate of Narcotic and Hazardous Substances Control within the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control. It has also been established a National Co-ordinating Team with six Working Groups.

The National Co-ordinating Team represents the following institutions :

The Working Groups represent the institutions mentioned above plus some other institutions as follows :

Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Mining and Energy
University of Indonesia
Central Bureau of Statistics
Pesticide Commission
Indonesia Consumers Protection Institution (NGO)
Association Chemical Club (NGO)

Members for details see Annex 1 and 2.

Each working group deals with chapter relevant to it and was requested to compile relevant data from institutions to be inserted in the national profile. The secretariat consolidated the data and evaluated them with the NCT and discussed with other working groups in a plenary meeting.

Executive Summary of the National Profile

INTRODUCTION

In the Rio Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Head of States of Government adopted "Agenda 21", a comprehensive document outlining responsibilities of states towards the achievement of sustainable development.

Chapter 19 of Agenda 21 deals with Environmentally Sound Management of Chemicals and all countries present at the Rio Conference agreed with the goal of achieving the sound management of chemicals by the year 2000.

The International Conference of Chemical Safety held in 1994 in Stockholm Sweden, established the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) and adopted the six programme areas "priorities for action" plan to implement the recommendations of Chapter 19 of Agenda 21.

Developing the National Profile falls under the Programme Area E of Chapter 19, Strengthening National Capabilities and Capacities for the Management of Chemicals.

As an initial step Indonesia with the assistance of WHO started preparing a "mini national profile" in May 1996, gathered and compiled all existing legislations on chemicals, issued by the relevant ministries.

This mini National Profile was then developed to a National Profile. The preparation was started in late 1996 with the assistance of UNITAR.

OBJECTIVES AND ANTICIPATED BENEFITS

The aims and main purposes of preparing the National Profile are to :

· document all existing structures relating to chemicals management in Indonesia

determine weaknesses and potentials problems related to chemicals management
serve as a basis for further efforts to strengthen the national system for management of chemicals through involvement of all concerned parties.
facilitate important national economic and trade objectives which rely on chemicals
facilitate exchange of information and dialogue among governments, industries, labours and other bodies concerned with the management of chemicals

The benefits of a National Profile are to :

provide knowledge and understanding of potential problems caused by chemicals to workers, general public and the environment.

improve awareness of chemical risks among workers and the public and help to develop a national safety culture.
enhance co-operation and co-ordination among government ministry.
strengthen national decision making capabilities related to the management of chemicals.
provide information to chemical producers and traders.
ease compliance with international and regional reporting schemes.
facilitate communication among countries and lead to increased co-operation.
identify needs for technical and financial assistance for mobilizing assistance available from international and bilateral sources

PREPARATION OF THE NATIONAL PROFILE

At the inter-ministerial meeting held in November 1996 to prepare the National Profile, a National Co-ordinating Team (NCT) was established.

The members of the Team are key personnels representing the relevant ministries.

Six working groups were also created with the involvement of concerned parties within and outside of government and academia.

The chair person of the working group was selected from the member of the NCT. The chapters in the Guidance Document were divided in the working groups for the collection of data and specific information related to chemicals management.

The meetings and activities related to the preparation of the National Profile with co-ordination through the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control Ministry of Health .

The National Profile is subject to a routine updating and review, with the involvement of concerned parties

Summary of the National Profile

National Background Information

Indonesia is an archipelago, consists of five major islands and about 30 smaller groups and the total number of island is 17,508. The sea area is four times greater than that of land area, which is about 1.9 million sq km.

Indonesia is a unitary state headed by a President; consisted of 27 provinces, 243 districts, 57 municipalities, 36 administrative cities, 4,022 sub districts and 65,252 villages.

The population has reached a total of 200,000,000 in February 1997. Urban population are 36 % of the total national population in 1995. Crude birth rate was 23.6 per 1000 population; infant mortality rate 58.0 per 1000 population and crude death rate 7.7 per 1000 population; life expectancy 65.3 years; literacy rate was 85.72 %. Estimated working age (15 - 65 years) was 120,690,207 people; of which the woman employees were 31,618,922 people. Unemployment rate was 7.24 %. The average education level in 1996 for the primary and secondary level was 66.2 %, for the high school was 40.5 % and higher education was 12.3 %.

The official language is Indonesia (Bahasa Indonesia).

For industrial/manufacturing sector, 99.20 % are home industries with 1 - 4 employees.

Only 0.12 % are big industries with more than 100 employees.

On the other side, for agricultural sector 79.69 % are microfarms with 1 - 15 employees and only 2.26 % is classified as big farms with more than 250 employees.

The major economic sectors based on the contribution to GDP have been industrial/manufacturing (24.18 %) with the major products are textiles, papers, chemicals, plastics, food products; mining and extraction (8.41 %) with major products are oil and gases; and agricultural (17.16 %) with major products are paddy, palm kernel, rubber, and sugar cane.

Industrial employment are mostly in basic metal industries, textiles and leather goods, wood, wood products and printing, coal and petrochemical products, paper and paper products.

Chemical production, import, export and use

Import of chemicals (raw materials) for industrial use is still dominate. Importation of petroleum chemical products was 18 million tons, ranked as the most abundant chemicals imported, while the production/manufacturing/formulation and exportation were approximately 58 million tons and almost 52 million tons per year, respectively.

The statistical feature for pesticides was ca 4,500 tons, 52,000 tons and ca 170,000 tons for importation, production/manufacturing/formulation and exportation, respectively. Another important chemical was derived from industrial chemicals which were imported, produced/manufactured/formulated and exported as much as 5.5 million tons and ca 195,000 tons, respectively. The amount of production/manufacturing/formulation, importation and exportation of consumer chemicals were about 12 million tons, 620,000 tons and 6 million tons per year, respectively.

The major chemical wastes, generated per year were wastes from industries including waste water containing heavy metals, CO, NOX, hydrocarbons, SOX and emission of Pb.

No chemical waste, so far, was imported or exported.

Priority Concern Related to Chemicals Production, Import, Export and Use

Priority concern related to chemicals production, import, export and use is air pollution, pollution of inland waterways/river, marine pollution, ground water pollution, soil contamination, chemical residue in food, drinking water contamination, hazardous waste treatment/disposal, occupational health, public health, chemical accident, storage/disposal of obsolete chemicals, chemical poisoning/suicides, free purchasing of chemicals and labelling of chemicals.

The scale of problem ranging from local to regional. Almost all of the problems identified as high rank in priority.

Specific chemical creating concerns are CO, CO2, NOX, SOX, Pb, suspended particulate matters, volatile hydrocarbons, heavy metals, cyanides, surfactants, pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, aflatoxin, dyestuffs, borax, formaldehyde, ammonia, chlorine, arsenic and nitrites.

A national poison information centre located at DGODFC, MOH has been established to address poisoning cases to human. With respect to environmental problems, a waste treatment facility near Jakarta has been operating.

An improved co-ordinating mechanism is needed to gain more accurate and reliable data on chemicals production, import, export and use. This will, in turn, result in increased national capacity and capability for achieving sound management of chemicals

Legal Instruments and Non-Regulatory Mechanism for Managing Chemicals.

A number of laws, regulations, decrees, standards or other legal instruments addressing the control of chemicals have been issued. The available legislations, however, do not cover adequately all aspects in terms of sound management of chemicals.

Key legal instruments governing chemicals are as follows :

Hazardous Substances Ordinance No. 379 year 1949. This law regulates production, distribution and usage of disinfectants, cleaning agents, toxic chemicals which can cause hazard to human health.
Law No. 11 year 1967 on mining which regulates all steps of control in mining.
Law No. 1 year 1970 on safety at the work place.
Law No. 4 year 1982 on management of environment.
Law No. 5 year 1984 on industry.
Law No. 12 year 1992 on plant cultivation including pesticides.
Law No. 14 year 1992 on transportation of goods.
Law No. 21 year 1992 on shipping which regulates the prohibition of waste disposal from ships to the sea.

The various existing regulations also regulate licences issued by the MOIT, registration of pesticides by the MOA/PC, registration of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, irritants, corrosive and toxic substances by the MOH and also labelling and packaging.

Radioactive materials and explosives have been regulated by NAEA and MODS, respectively.

To date, there is no single act that covers all stages of the chemicals life cycle from the import/production through disposal, included the right terminology, classification and labelling, registration of product, permits, licences, reporting requirements, information to be provided, inspection, etc. A single act on this matter is a necessity and is now under preparation.

At present, big industries have their own voluntary code of practice by which risk of chemicals can be reduced.

Another key factor relating to sound management of chemicals is to encourage the awareness of producers, traders, and workers and to develop a safety culture.

Ministries, Agencies and Other Institution Managing Chemicals.

Various ministries and institutions are responsible for ensuring that chemicals do not cause hazard to human health and the environment. The ministries and institutions involved namely the Ministries of Health, Environment/EIMA, Industry and Trade, Agriculture, Man Power, Mining and Energy, Defense and Security, Transportation, Finance (Custom) and National Atomic Energy Agency.

Certain problems have been adequately managed through sound co-operation and co-ordination among the corresponding authorities. However, there are some problems on chemicals need to be managed jointly by several authorities.

Co-operation and co-ordination among related parties should be encouraged and strengthened to achieve sound management of chemicals.

Relevant Activities of Industry, Public Interest Groups, and the Research Sector.

A number of institutions or organizations play an important role in the management of chemicals, and are considered as the government counterparts, sharing information ideas suggestion to government, but they have no capacity to make decision.

These organizations are identified as professional organizations, industrial associations, universities, research institutes, and Non-Governmental Organizations.

Almost all information on management of chemicals can be obtained from the government and in return, the government expects NGOs for providing information related to management of chemicals. To some extent, NGOs inform the public through printed or electronic mass media on certain issues relating to chemicals.

Inter-misnisterial commissions and co-ordinating mechanism

There is a number of mechanisms available for co-ordinating among relevant institutions, namely,

Pesticide Commission on registration, labelling, packaging, distribution, storage and usage of pesticides.
Joint commission of MOH-NAEA on safety of radiation on health.
Security council on import, distribution usage of explosives.
Occupational Health and Work Safety Board on occupational safety health.
Commission of Analysis on Environmental Impact

All the existing inter-ministerial commissions are centralized at the national level, except occupational health and work safety board and commission for analysis on environment impact has their own branches in each provinces.

The available commissions and co-ordinating mechanism have not covered all aspects of chemicals, therefore, an inter-ministerial commission and co-ordinating mechanism in the area of chemicals management need to be set up.

Data Access and Use

It is generally accepted that the availability and reliability of information are the key factors to sound chemicals management. Each ministry has its own system in collecting and disseminating data relevant to its functions. Data on the health and environmental health effects caused by chemicals including poisoning statistics, listing of toxic chemicals, are kept at the MOH. Data on pollutant release and transfer register, hazardous waste and PIC on chemicals are held at EIMA. PIC on pesticides, register of pesticides are at the MOA. Industrial accident and occupational held data can be found at the MOMP.

Transport accident data at the MOT. Data on production, import, export and chemical use statistics are available at CBS. Data on importers and producers of chemicals are kept at MOIT.

International literatures are obtained from and through UN agencies, authorized sources, recommended books and journals, namely WHO Health and Safety Guides, IPCS/EC International Chemicals Safety, Data Cards, FAO/UNEP decision guidance document for PIC chemicals, FAO/WHO Pesticide Safety Data Sheets, document from the FAO/WHO joint meeting on pesticide residues, Material Safety Data Sheets, OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals, Good Laboratories and Good Manufacturing Practice Principle, and WHO/UNEP Global Environmental Library Network.

International data bases related to IRPTC available at EIMA, ILOCIS at MOMP, IPCS Intox, Chemical abstract service database and relevant database from other countries (e.g. micromedex, toxline, chemdata, etc) are available at MOH.

Most data is accessible to the public on it eligibility and on request. Confidential data is only accessible to particular authorities. Constrains in budget, facilities, and human resources also result in insufficiency to access the available international databases as a mean to improve and update data.

Technical Infrastructure

A broad range of laboratory infrastructures located at various ministries have been set up at national level as well as provincial level. These laboratories have been designed to meet the requirements of each institution/ministry, such as analysis of pesticide residues, heavy metals, toxic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Such laboratories are found at the MOH, MOA, MOMP, MOIT, NAEA, EIMA and IIOS.

Most of the laboratories utilizes internationally-recognized protocols, for instance WHO, FAO, USP, Codex Alimentarius Commission, EPA and other relevant guidances, a National Standardization Council has been set up.

International Linkages

Indonesia is a member of a number of international organizations, and has been participating in various programmes such as IFCS, UNEP, IRPTC, IE/PAC, IPCS, WHO, FAO, UNIDO, ILO and UNITAR, and international agreements such as Agenda 21, UNEP London Guidelines, Code of Conduct, Montreal Protocol, ILO Convention 170, UN Recommendation for the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Basel Convention, GATT/WTO Agreements, Chemicals Weapon Convention, Regional and Bilateral Agreements related to environment/pollution.

Through the international linkages several local projects have accepted funding and technical assistance e.g. chemical safety, environment quality monitoring system, environmental health impact assessment, training programme pollution development, pollution control implementation, collaborative environment programme network of industrial of a national profile management. Assistance has been received from organization such as WHO, UNDP,UNEP,GTZ, OECF, UNITAR.

The focal point is usually located at the institution/ministry which is considered to be the primary responsibilie agency.

In principle, all aids from international organization, are co-ordinated by NDPA, except for certain programmes which organized by related authorities through agreements.

Awareness/ Understanding of Workers and the Public.

Legal instruments have been issued to protect the workers and public from dangerous chemicals exposure such as Law No. 1 year 1970 designated the employer and workers right and responsibility in the implementation of OSH, MOMP Decree No. 3 year 1985 on the use of asbestos at the work place. Ministry of Defense and Security Decree No. 10 year 1988 on explosives; handling and controlling of distribution, storage and usage of pesticides are regulated in the Government Regulation No. 7 year 1973 and for the Packaging and Labelling Requirement of Pesticides are regulated by the MOA Decree No. 429 year 1973. To increase the public awareness and knowledge upon chemicals risk, education and training should be encouraged and enforced.

Government institutions and private sectors can play their role in these matters by providing supporting sources such as books, leaflets or other forms of information.

Resource Available and Needed for Chemicals Management

Type of expertise and the number of staffs required by each ministry depend on the related ministry and fund available. Chemistry, toxicology, environmental science have been the most required educational background for chemicals management. In this regard some training in the field of chemical safety, environmental management, pesticide handling, analysis for pesticide residues, toxicology, ecotoxicology and other related topics are of great importance.

The capability and capacity of the existing human resources should be developed.

Special attention should be paid on continuing human resources training in the area of chemicals management including inspection techniques as well as laboratory skills.

Conclusions and Recommendations for Follow up :

The establishment of a single act that accommodates all aspects of the chemicals life cycle in terms of sound management of chemicals, is the key to success in achieving sustainable development.
Due to the fact that chemicals are managed by various ministries/institutions, and in order to improve sound co-ordination and co-operation among concerned parties, a council/commission is urgently needed to be set up.
The availability and reliability of data and information are the key factors to sound chemicals management in decision making. In order to obtain such data, mutual concerns and good co-ordinating mechanisms among related authorities should be strengthened. For this purpose data is obtainable through good reporting system, exchange of information, providing data bases, internet linking both at national and international level, etc.
Government should encourage the role of NGOs and public including workers to promote public awareness and knowledge in chemicals management and safety culture. This can be achieved through training, education, publication, information, responsible care programme and any other means.
To improve capability and capacity of human resources who deal with chemicals management as well as laboratory skills, training supported by government or international organizations is of necessary.
The final National Profile will be distributed to the related authorities as a document to be considered in their efforts to strengthened the management of chemicals.
It is necessary for authorities to improve their data collections for evaluating and updating of the National Profile which will be conducted periodically.

Chapter 1 : National Background Information

1.1	Physical and Demographic Context Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, it consists of five major islands and about 30 smaller groups. The figure for the total number of island is 17,508. The archipelago is on the cross road between two oceans, the Pacific and the Indian and bridges two continents Asia and Australia. This strategic position has always influenced the cultural, social, political and economic life of the country. The territory of the Republic of Indonesia stretches from 6o 08’ north latitude to 11o 15’ south latitude and from 94o 45’ to 141o 05’ east longitude. The Indonesian sea area is four times greater than the land area, which is about 1.9 million sq km. The sea area is about 7.9 million sq km (including an exclusive economic zone) which constitutes about 81 % of the total area of the country. The five main islands are Sumatra, which is about 473,606 sq km in size, the most fertile and densely populated islands Java and Madura 132,107 sq km, Kalimantan which comprises two third of the island of Borneo 539,460 sq km, Sulawesi 189,216 sq km, and Irian Jaya 421,981 sq km, which is the world’s second largest island.
	*1.1.1*	*Form of Government* Indonesia is a unitary republic with sovereignty vested in the people which is fully exercised by elected People’s Consultative Assembly. According to the 1945 Constitution there are six organs of the state : The People’s Consultative Assembly. The Presidency. The House of Representative. The Supreme Advisory Council The State Audit Board The Supreme Court Indonesian political system is based on Pancasila (the Five Principles), with the principle of democracy based on consensus through deliberations.
	*1.1.2*	*Languages* Official Language is Indonesia Language (Bahasa Indonesia) there are about 583 local languages and various dialects spoken. Some of the distinctly different local languages are Acehnese, Batak, Sundanese, Halmahera, Ambonese, Javanese, Sasak, Tetum of Timor, Dayak, Minahasa, Toraja, Buginese, Ceramese and several Irianese languages.
	*1.1.3*	*Population* Indonesia is the world fourth most populous country with a total 195,283,200 people of the 1995 population intercencal survey, and has reached a total of 200,000,000 in February 1997. As with some countries, particularly those in the developing world, the towns and cities are always the major attraction for the rural population. This is undoubtedly when the land no longer offers an effective means to earn a living. Indonesia is no exception. Over the years, particularly after World War II, cities have grown rapidly in terms of size and population so that municipal governments have not been very successful in coping with the impact of urbanisation . Urban population who live and work in cities ranging from big cities to provincial and district capital city are 36 % of the total national population. Rural population are 64 % of the total population who live and work in sub districts, municipalities and villages.
	*1.1.4*	*Birth Rate* The birth rate declined drastically from 33.5 per 1000 people in 1983 to 23.6 in 1995. The crude birth rate was 23.6 per 1000 population in 1995 and projected to reduce to 22.6 per 1000 population in 1998. The total fertility rate was 2.7 per woman in 1995. Several factors including rising living standard, higher educational level and improved health services, contributed to the birth rate decline. But the greatest proportion is attributable to the increasing number of people participating in family planning, especially the new eligible couples.
	*1.1.5*	*Life Expectancy and Mortality Rate* The expectation of life for 1986 was 59.80 years, and projected in 1997 to be 64.25 years. In 1995 the life expectancy for woman was 65.3 years. The crude death rate in 1988 was 7.9 per 1000 people as compared with 7.7 per 1000 people in 1995. The infant mortality rate declined from 58.0 per 1000 people in 1988 to 55.0 in 1995. Causes for the declined in the mortality rate are the consequences of better nutrition, rising standard of living, advances in medical science, growth of medical facilities, improved health measures, better working conditions, advances in education on personal hygiene.
	*1.1.6*	*Literacy Rate* The literacy rate of the urban population was 92.8 % in comparison to 82.05% for rural population and the national the literacy rate was 85.72 %.
	*1.1.7*	*Population of Working Age* In the 1995 population intercencal survey, the estimated of working age (15-65 years) was 120,690,207 people. Of which the woman employees were 31,618,922 people.
	*1.1.8*	*Average Education Level of Population* The average education level in 1996 for the primary and secondary school was 66.2 % for the high school was 40.5 % and higher education was 12.3 %.
	*1.1.9*	*Unemployment Rate* Unemployment rate was 7.24 % based on the 1995 population intercencal survey.
1.2	Political/Geographic Structure of the Country The unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into 27 provincies which are sub divided into 243 districts, 57 municipalities, 36 administrative cities 4,022 sub districts or kecamatan, 65,252 villages which are classified into rural and urban villages.
	*1.2.1*	*Local Government Entities* The structure and organisation of local governments resemble the pattern of the national government. At the national level, the President is the Chief Executive who appoints and assisted by cabinet of ministers, parallel to the national executive is the House of Representative as a legislative body with whom the government enacts law and determines the national budget. Similarly, the governor is the chief executive in the province and works with regional officials. Side by side is the provincial legislative body, with whom the regional government concurs on regional legislation and decisions on the budget. For the district and the municipal levels, the chief executive are respectively, the bupati (district head) and walikota (mayor). Again, the bupati concurs with the local legislative body on matters relating to local government regulation and the budget. Both provincial and district governments are granted autonomy. The lowers government level is the kecamatan /sub district headed by camat and administrative sub division of the Kabupaten or Kotamadya subordinate the Kelurahan.
	*1.2.2*	*Location of Various Ethnic Groups* There are a number of ethnic groups spread in the whole country. Some of them are Aceh, Batak, Padang, Melayu, Mentawai, Kubu, Lampung, live in Sumatera island. Then Badui, Sundanese, Javanese, Tengger live in Jaya island. Madura in Madura island, Dayak in Kalimantan, Minahasa, Gorontalo, Bugis and Toraja in Sulawesi. Ternate, Ambonese in Maluku Provinces, Bali in Bali, Sasak in Lombok, Bima in Sumbawa, Flores in Flores, Timor in Timor island. Dani, Baliem in Irian.
1.3	Industrial and Agricultural Sectors Since the past five year programme, industrial sector has shifted the domination of GDP from agricultural sector. Nevertheless, agricultural sector is still the biggest contribution for employment. National income was shifted from domination of oil and gas to the industrial goods. Textile has been the major product, followed by papers, chemicals, plastics and food products, while in agricultural sector paddy is the major product.

Table 1.A : Overview of the Industrial and Agricultural Sectors

1996

Sector	Contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (%)	Number of Employees	Major Products in each Sector
Industrial / Manufacturing Sector 1	24,45	10,773,038*	Textiles Papers Chemicals Food products
Mining and extraction	8,62	774,211	Oil and Gases
Agricultural Sector	16,53	37,720,251	Paddy
T O T A L	49,60	49,267,500

1.This would include all manufacturing, production, formulation, assembly and related facilities.

Table 1.B : Structure of the Manufacturing/Agriculture Sector

	Micro Farms/ Facilities 1 (%)	Small Farms/ Facilities 2 (%)	Medium Farms/Facilities3 (%)	Big Farms/ Facilities 4 (%)
Industrial/ Manufacturing* sector	99.20	0.56	0.12	0.12
Agricultural Sector **	79.69	14.15	3.9	2.26
T O T A L

1.4

Industrial Employment by Major Economic Sector

Table 1.E : Industrial Employment by Major Economic Sector

ISIC Code 1	Description	Number of facilities	Total Employ- ment	Output Value (million)	Major Emissions (type)
31	Food industries	5,608	810,221	48,198,701	-
32	Textile/Clothing and Leather Goods	5,230	1,354,716	44,125,324	CO2, NOX, SOX, H2S, NH3, Particulates
33	Wood and Wood Products, Printing	3.145	562,231	18,781,105	COX, SOX, NOX Particulates.
34	Paper and Paper Products	1,035	165,390	12,976,841	Total Particulates, Total Reduce Sulphur, Cl2, ClO2,SO2, NO2.
35	Coal/Petro Chemical Products	2,581	485,701	38,324,421	Total particulates, SO2, NO2, CO, Hydrocarbons, H2S, NO.
36	Non-metallic Mineral Products	2,158	190,308	8,810,543	NH3, Cl, HCl, HF, NO2.
37	Basic Metals Industries	182	50,420	17,044,160	Total Particulates, HCl, SO2, NO2
38	Fabrication of Machinery and Equipments	2,596	523,438	54,124,934	Metallic particulates
39	Other manufacturing Industries	462	72,542	1,625,376	Processing chemical effluents.
TOTAL		22,997	4,214,967	244.011,405

1 ISIC : International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, OECD.

Table 1.C : Breakdown of Agricultural Production by Regions

Region

(Province)

Major Commodity

Total Value of Crop (ton)

Total Number of Employees

Size of Productive Areas (# hectares)

D.I. Aceh

Paddy

Banana

Durian

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm Kernel

Coffee

Cacao

1,293,720

31,976

9,804

56,570

6,614

82,144

41,418

185,627

48,621

5,324

1,227.345

2,822,694

981

994

8,724

1,582

122,807

47,319

67,228

69,657

6,741

North Sumatera

Paddy

Banana

Pineapple

Zallaca palm

Chili

Potato

Cabbage

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

2,354,911

113,455

85,063

78,141

79,615

228,322

201,819

93,616

340,262

2,081,174

29,294

51,403

1,182,418

2,895,199

3,210,533

1,821

4,571

15,382

13,620

6,728

153,726

382,051

427,146

43,646

44,408

14,712

Riau

Paddy

Pineapple

Banana

Chili

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

48,551

31,782

52,988

6,807

327,655

157,333

886,512

1,987

742

1,233,177

2,343,034

1,538

1,482

2,102

459,293

231,670

241,436

6,576

1,928

Bengkulu

Paddy

Durian

Citrus

Chili

Cabbage

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

441,318

7,383

3,759

23,854

107,612

10,633

31,110

52,064

39,734

2,518

593,783

836,583

675

125

5,578

7,458

22,094

40,847

14,957

57,218

5,896

South Sumatera

Paddy

Pineapple

Banana

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

846,491

55,235

24,324

12,388

3,359

24,343

227,969

170,882

100,990

353

721,934

2,324,092

4,433,010

1,907

3,762

1,276

56,795

388,798

68,398

179,870

405

12,673

Lampung

Cassava

Banana

Lanset fruit

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

1,717,199

173,335

75,785

30.233

6,131

122,106

32,857

43,829

69,635

4,878

5,654,384

2,339,576

1,677,401

2,035

940

9,495

2,295

148,650

36,518

11,362

113,424

7,091

72,425

D K I - Jakarta

Paddy

Durian

Lychee

9,510

10,615

4,785

36,673

7,776

112

290

West Java

Paddy

Pineapple

Banana

Chili

Potato

Cabbage

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

9,327,483

152,984

1,130,742

359,807

230,560

440,900

177,569

56,508

24,758

5,186

4,343

1,276,033

5,382,813

2,823,611

4,332

23,849

25,245

13,696

17,939

285,115

60,637

13,942

13,101

10,053

25,057

Central Java

Paddy

Banana

Zallaca palm

Chili

Potato

Cabbage

Coconut

Rubber

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

7,994,889

526,836

226,781

102,656

230,560

352,302

174,813

23,276

9,306

1,689

4,081,34

7,903,766

1,958,884

7,699

3,280

24,920

13,696

15,875

286,361

19,826

24,880

5,268

61,642

Yogyakarta

Paddy

Zallaca palm

Banana

Chili

Red Onion

Coconut

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

840,927

16,685

41,430

27,582

16,610

47,992

374

409,726

798,470

185,829

817

561

2,670

2,109

54,589

940

800

6,641

East Java

Paddy

Banana

Mango

Chili

Potato

Red Onion

Coconut

Rubber

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

7,896,200

464,450

158,235

175,997

97,691

174,057

203,495

15,975

36,601

10,936

13,071,805

7,265,498

2,594,056

6,309

24,299

39,382

7,345

19,638

255,912

17,519

63,846

19,702

167,008

West Kalimantan

Paddy

Citrus

Durian

Tomato

Chili

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

628,659

121,980

28,991

904

8,888

45,505

147,749

115,710

4,768

793

1,439,961

4,553,744

4,663

3,373

169

1,178

83,596

261,692

41,075

4,352

1,299

Central Kalimantan

Paddy

Banana

Jack fruit

Chili

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

300,181

13,896

3,387

2,456

28,985

79,562

548

204

551,523

1,559,115

226

698

608

44,003

106,619

1,689

430

South Kalimantan

Paddy

Citrus

Jack fruit

Chili

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

882,871

27,054

24,229

2,867

46,472

66,009

11,870

3,260

484

431,249

886,878

1,195,857

1,303

1,598

1,378

55,174

77,720

3,475

6,064

885

11,141

East Kalimantan

Paddy

Banana

Lychee

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm Kernel

Coffee

Cacao

407,448

13,976

5,832

5,018

5,082

25,126

13,875

37,848

3,729

9,488

457,789

2,006,676

489

1,321

1,256

690

74,291

19,243

17,268

7,289

14,103

Bali

Paddy

Banana

Zallaca palm

Chili

Cabbage

Coconut

Rubber

Coffee

Cacao

998,884

62,115

26,665

29,289

58,608

69,136

128

17,056

2,322

1,146,715

359,283

1,689

2,651

1,564

1,322

72,872

186

28,932

3,054

West Nusa Tenggara

Paddy

Mango

Banana

Chili

Garlic

Coconut

Coffee

Cacao

1,017,204

124,347

61,501

23,616

18,450

37,708

2,040

932,825

689,597

4,849

755

8,934

2,894

61,347

4,623

415

East Nusa Tenggara

Cassava

Citrus

Banana

Red Onion

Coconut

Coffee

Cacao

699,630

13,055

23,646

2,709

50,598

12,500

1,443

1,809,993

1,103,215

1,203

244

697

168,283

26,173

9,241

North Sulawesi

Paddy

Durian

Mango

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

419,239

58,454

41,303

13,840

18,729

300,823

4,323

1,271

674,560

885,589

367

2,270

2,953

1,961

288,828

5,436

3,606

4,000

Central Sulawesi

Paddy

Guava

Jack Fruit

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm Kernel

Coffee

Cacao

524,823

10,366

3,779

2,275

1,250

152,458

2,367

3,296

4,622

15,382

581,691

1,641,512

201

203

598

715

168,054

2,499

3,758

8,932

18,344

South East Sulawesi

Paddy

Lychee

Banana

Coconut

Coffee

Cacao

286.375

22.659

1,628

38,361

2,887

50,866

516,719

1,041,820

261

523

54,190

8,485

46,222

South Sulawesi

Paddy

Fruit

Banana

Chili

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

Sugar cane

2,935,337

169,068

48,871

18,804

120,751

5,855

46,551

24,418

91,513

742,407

1,925,183

2,338,645

2,108

3,871

2,542

145,296

5,285

18,003

44,466

99,072

14,790

Maluku

Cassava

Banana

Papaya

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Coffee

Cacao

211,661

10,863

1,552

2,053

1,540

197,396

867

1,165

6,564

621,322

264

321

331

224,197

1,500

2,499

10,289

Irian Jaya

Sweet potato

Zallaca palm

Lanset fruit

Chili

Tomato

Coconut

Rubber

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

575,315

4,128

1,413

3,203

6,349

12,262

512

34,392

341

5,843

723,240

107

1,167

537

705

30,453

1,222

10,164

1,121

10,115

East Timor

Corn

Banana

Papaya

Coconut

Palm

Coffee

Cacao

136,885

6,763

4,696

9,498

9,528

342,402

244

338

56,527

39,927

441

Paddy is major product in Java island, followed by Sumatera and Kalimantan island

Table 1.D : Breakdown of Industrial Production by Region

Region(Province)	Major Products	Total Value of Production (Rp.000,000,000)1	Number of Industrial Facilities	Number of Employees
Aceh	Fertilizers, GAS, Plywood, Adhesives, Pulp & Paper, LNG, Foods	143,079	24,104	116,020
North Sumatera	Crumb Rubber, Alcohol, CPO, Adhesive, Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Foods	15,699	81,799	405,094
West Sumatera	Crumb Rubbers, Coffee, Rattan, Plywood, Nutmeg Oil, Cement, Zinc, Handycrafts, Pharmaceuticals, Textiles	781,975	41,400	148,473
Riau	Plywood,Chemicals Crumb Rubbers, Wood and Wood Products, Electronics Components, Fabrication of Machineries.	7,547	8,835	194,869
Jambi	Plywood, Moulding, Rubbers. Pharmaceuticals, Woods	825,996	9,896	98,784
Bengkulu	Agriculture products., Handycrafts, Woods.	100,268	6,389	24,477
South Sumatera	Chemicals, Metals, Electronics, Wood, Pharmaceuticals.	4,781	41,234	318,069
Lampung	Crumb Rubbers Sugar, Plywood, Canning fruits, Soaps, CPO, Rubbers Gloves, Coffee, MSG, Citric Acid, Wood.	82,984	30,594	168,615
D K I - Jakarta	Foods, Beverages, Metal,Machineries, Furnitures, Chemicals, Industrial, Gases, Garments, Electronics, Cars, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals.	549,858	34,766	1,042,981
West Java	Basic Chemicals Industries, electronics, Food Industries, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Metal & Machine by Products, Garment, Textiles, Pharmaceuticals.	83,623	241,042	4,271,468
Central Java	Metal, Machineries, Foods, Electronics, Chemicals, Garments, Textiles, Foods, Pharmaceuticals.	29,271	627,758	3,199,639
Yogyakarta	Garments, Leathers, Textiles, Metals, Foods, Pharmaceuticals	2,007	76,896	34,453
East Java	Chemicals, Fertilizers, Metals, Machineries, Electronics, Garments, Foods, Pharmaceuticals	53,168	493,784	3,672,822
West Kalimantan	Crumb Rubbers, Plywood, CPO, Adhesives, CCO, Cooking Oil, Industrial Gases, Carbon Active, Wood	5,427	23,535	127,158
Central Kalimantan	Saw mill, plywood, rattan, furnitures, Wood	460,634	15,802	96,783
South Kalimantan	Sawmill, Plywood, Crumb Rubbers, Cold Storage, Adhesives, Rubber Gloves, Moulding, Wood	4,761	70,397	299,990
East Kalimantan	Wood, Rubbers, Plywood, Fertilizers, Wood.	5,939	13,574	154.418
Bali	Textiles, handycrafts, Food, Garments., Pharmaceuticals.	828,883	1,086	45,764
West Nusa Tenggara	Saw mill, Logs, handycrafts, Foods.	220,956	37,990	116,551
East Nusa Tenggara	Cement, Essensial Oil, Handycrafts, Wood.	70,498	26,537	59,156
North Sulawesi	Marine products,	1,796	74,685	168,285
	Agricultur, CPO, Cooking Oil, Foods
Central Sulawesi	Wood, Marine products, Rattans, Cooking Oil,	382,398	12,931	38,892
South East Sulawesi	Ship, Marine products, Rattans, Furnitures, Cold Storage, Saw mill, Wood	47,998	6,294	41,443
South Sulawesi	Metal products, Machinery & equip, Ships, Papers, Alcohol, Industrial. Gases, Cement, Marine products, Cooking Oil, Wood, Rattans, Foods	2,575	77,460	304,503
Maluku	Plywood, Cold Storage, Marine products, Moulding, Wood	740,863	6,306	52,364
Irian Jaya	Plywood, Mining, Handycrafts, Foods.	47,969	3,919	29,574
East Timor	Agro products, Non Metallic Minerals.	71,653	4,040	11,681
T O T A L

1 USD = Rp. 2,100 ( in 1995)

Chapter 2 : Chemical Production, Import, Export and Use

2.1

Chemical Production, Import and Export

Import of chemicals for industrial use are still dominate. This situation is estimated to be decreased in the future due to rapidly growth of chemical industries.

Table 2.A : Chemical Production and Trade

Chemical

Type

Production/ Manufacturing & Formulation(tons and millions rupiah)

Imports

(tons and millions rupiah)

Exports

(tons and millions rupiah)

Pesticides (agricultural, public health & consumer use)

52,308

431,579

4,454

55,893

16,643

63,733

Fertilizers

12,930,938

2,729,721

757,108

308,277

2,347,030

1,120,724

Petroleum Products

57,799,652

20,337,208

17,660,999

6,851,152

51,836,438

14,849,962

Industrial (used in manufacturing/ processing facilities)

9,970,216

5,096.525

5,507,890

8,300,510

193,927

834,896

Consumer Chemical

11,778,408

20,013,667

619,918

5,744,862

5,971,451

5,094,458

Other chemicals (unknown/mixed use)

T O T A L

Note : 1 USD = Rp. 2.100 (in 1995)

2.2

Chemical Use by Categories

The amount of fertilizers used in Indonesia is much higher that those of pesticides, due to the fact that the country has been implementing the integrated pest control with plant cultivation system.

Table 2.B : Chemical Use by Categories

Type of Chemical	Number of Tons Used per Year in the Country
Pesticides ( Agricultural, Public Health, Consumer Use )	40,119
Fertilizer	11,341,016
Petroleum Products	23,624,213
Industrial Chemicals (used in manufacturing/processing facilities)	15,284,179
Consumer Chemicals	6,426,935
Other Chemicals (unknown/mixed use)	NA
T O T A L

2.3

Chemical Waste

The estimated chemical waste generated from the processing and manufacturing of multifarious products and other sources is summarized in the following table.

Table 2.C : Chemical Waste Generation and Trade

Type of Chemical Waste	Generation (tons/year)	Export (tons/year)	Import (ton/year)
Pb	4,958	None	None
Hydrocarbons	232,366	None	None
CO	389,896	None	None
NOx	258,719	None	None
SOx	107,009	None	None
Waste from Industry *)	8,772,696	None	None
Total Waste	9,747,440	None	None

Note :

Emission Pb from vehicles using leaded gasoline
Emission hydrocarbons CO, NOx, SOx from vehicles using leaded gasoline or diesel

*) Including waste water containing heavy metals, etc.

Chapter 3 : Priority Concerns Related to Chemicals Production, Import, Export and Use

3.1

Priority Concerns Related to Chemicals Production, Import, Export and Use.

Indonesia is now moving into era of industrialization indicated by the implementation of sophisticated technology and the increasing use of chemicals. Chemicals are in fact, inevitably needed by various sectors i.e. industrial, agricultural, forestry, mining, health, etc. The use of this chemicals, so far, has resulted in some accidents, poisonings, health and environment problems. Measures have been taken to reduce this problems.

A National Poison Information Centre has been established in November 1995, located in the Directorate General of Drug and Food Control Ministry of Health, Jakarta. A regional Poison Centre has been launched in March 1997 in Ujung Pandang South Sulawesi, and this year 3 others will be operated in Medan (North Sumatera), Bandung (West Java) and Surabaya (East Java) in one network system.

It has also been established a hazardous waste treatment facility in 1994 located in Cibinong about 40 km from Jakarta. This facility is operated by PT. Persada Pamunah Limbah Industri (an affiliation of Waste Management International Inc.), equipped with secure landfill facility, chemical and physical treatment and stabilization. In the near future there will be planned to establish similar facility located in East Java

Table 3A : Description of Problem Areas.

Nature of Problem	City/Region	Brief description of problem	Chemicals/Pollutants
Air pollution	Urban areas	Emission of notorious gases particularly from vehicles	as seen on table 3B
Pollution of inland waterways/rivers	Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Medan, Irian Jaya	Domestic and industrial disposal of hazardous substances	as seen on table 3B
Occupational health agriculture	Rural areas	Improper use and handling of pesticides	as seen on table 3B
Occupational health industry	Industrial areas	Inappropriate use of hazardous substances	as seen on table 3B
Public health	Major big cities, agricultural areas, industrial areas	* Contamination of Chemicals * Misuse of chemicals in food processing/ preparation which is likely related to freely purchasing of chemicals or lack of knowledge on * Mishandling of chemicals * Cases of poisoning due to mishandling, misuse, contamination and or any other means unintentionally	Pesticide, dyestuffs, toxic chemicals, carcinogenic
Chemical accidents industrial	Industrial site, Palembang	Popping of ammonia, leakage of container of chlorine.	Ammonia, chlorine
Labelling of chemicals	Industrial site in Palembang and Tangerang	Improper labelling & packaging	Sodium nitrite

Table 3.B : Priority Concerns Related to Chemicals

Nature of Problem	Scale of Problem 1	Level of Concern2	Ability to Control Problem 2	Availability of Statistical Data 3	Specific Chemicals Creating Concerns	Priority Ranking 4
Air Pollution	Regional	High	Medium	Insufficient	CO, CO2, NOx,SOx, Pb, Suspended particulate matters, volatile hydrocarbons	High
Pollution of Inland Waterways/ rivers	Regional	High	Medium	Insufficient	Heavy metals, Cyanide, Surfactants, Pesticides, paints, coloring material, oils, solvents	High
Marine Pollution	Regional	Medium	Medium	Insufficient	Hydrocarbons, Heavy metals	Medium
Ground water Pollution	Regional	Medium	Low	Insufficient	Heavy metal, oils	Medium
Soil Con - tamination	Local	Low	Low	Insufficient	Pesticides, aflatoxin	Low
Chemical Residue in Food	Regional	High	Medium	Sufficient	Pesticides, aflatoxin	High
Drinking Water Conta mination	Local	Medium	Medium	Sufficient	Heavy metals	High
Hazardous Waste Treatment/ Disposal	Regional	High	Medium	Sufficient	as listed in table 1,2,3 of Government Regulation No. 19/1994 regarding Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management	High
Occupational Health Agriculture	Regional	High	Medium	Insufficient	Organofosfate pesticides	High
Occupational Health Industrial	Local	High	Medium	Sufficient	Paints, acids, bases, hydrocarbons	High
Public Health	Regional	High	Medium	Sufficient	Carcinogenic dyestuffs Rodhamin B, Methanyl yellow, Sweetening agents, borax, formaldehyde, pesticides, CO, Pb, CO2, NOx, SOx	High
Chemical Accidents : Industrial	Local	High	Medium	Sufficient	Chlorine, ammonia	High
Chemical Accidents : Transport	Local	Medium	Low	Sufficient	Ammonia	Medium
Storage/ Disposal of Obsolete Chemicals	Local	Medium	Low	Insufficient	Heavy metal	Low
Chemical Poisoning/ Suicides	Local	High	Medium	Sufficient	Pesticides, household chemicals other	High
Free purchasing of chemicals	Regional	High	Low	Insufficient	Arsen, cyanide, borax, formaldehyde	High
Labelling of Chemicals	Local	High	Medium	Insufficient	Sodium nitrite, amm. nitrite	High

1 Local, regional, or national

2 Low, medium, high

3 Sufficient, insufficient, or no data available

4 Provide relative ranking from 1 to 5 of the problem being faced by the country (1 = most severe problem, 2 = second severe problem, etc, as appropriate the ranking can be given to different problem areas)

3.2

Comments/Analysis

The problems listed above have been identified by related ministries based on available data and agreement has been reached to determine relative priorities. Nevertheless a coordinating mechanism has to be developed in collecting appropriate and reliable data and information, related to chemicals production, import, export, handling, transportation, usage and disposal.

Chapter 4 : Legal Instruments and Non Regulatory Mechanisms for Managing Chemicals

4.1

Overview of to National Legal Instruments which Address the Management of Chemicals

Legal instruments can contribute to a more effective approach to the sound management of chemicals if they are adhered to and enforced. There are a number of laws, regulations, decrees, standards or other legal instruments addressing the control of chemicals, however, the available legislations do not cover all aspects adequately. Regulations issued by the respective ministry cover only certain aspects according to its responsibilities and concerns as can be seen in Table 4A.

There are also differences in meaning to certain terms/terminology or classification of hazardous substances among ministries.

Realizing this situation and to strengthen and enhance the implementation of the sound management of chemicals, to have one single act in this respect is a necessity. It would cover all the stages of the chemicals life cycle from the import/production through disposal, including the right terminology, classification and labelling, registration of products, permits, licences, reporting requirements, information to be provided, inspection etc.

Table 4.A : Reference to Existing Legal Instruments which Address the Management of Chemicals

Legal Instrument (Type, Reference, Year) 1	Responsible Ministries or Bodies	Chemical Use Categories Covered	Objective of Legislation	Relevant Articles/ Provisions	Resources Allocated 2	Enforce ment Ranking 3
Ordinance of White Lead No.509/1931	Ministry of Health	White Lead	Licence Fine/impri sonment	Article 3(1,2,30 2,3,4 4(1,2,3,45)		2
Ordinance ofHazardous Substances No.379/1949	Ministry of Health	Hazardous Substances	Licence Fine	Article 1(1,2) 1(1) 2(1,2,3,4,3)		1
Law No. 31/1964 Act No 10/1997	National of atomic Energy Agency	Radioactive		Article 11(1, 2) 18(1, 2) 5(1, 2), 6, 7 (1), 8, 9 21(1, 2) 3, 14 23, 24		2
Law No. 11/1967	Ministry of Mining & Energy		Recording and Repor- ting, Con -trolling & Guidance Fine	Article 15(1,2,3,4) 29(1,2) 31(1,2),32 (1,2),33 32,34		2
Law No. 11/1970	Ministry of Man Power		Safety Recording and Reporting Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 4(1,2,3) 11(1,2) 5(1,2) 15(1,2)		1
Law No. 23/1997	Ministry of State Environment	Quality of Environment	Safety Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 6,7,14,15,16,17, 20,35,41-47		2
Law No. 5/1984	Ministry of Industry		Licensing Safety Recording & Reporting Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 13(1,2,3,4) 15(1,2,3,4), 21(1,2,3) 14(1,2,3) 7,10,11,15(2,3) 24(1,2),25,26, 27,(1,2) 28(1,2)		1-2
Law No. 12/1992	Ministry of Agriculture	Pesticides	Registration Labelling and Packaging Distribution Use Safety Controlling & Guidance	Article 38(1) 38,39 38(1) 39 61,63		2
Law No. 14/1992	Ministry of Transportation		Licence Transport-ation Safety Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 41 (1,2,3) 40 50(1,2,3) 4(1) 66 67		2
Law No. 15/1992	Ministry of Transportation		Safety Fine	Article 20,23(1,2), 50(1,2), 69, 72		-
Law No. 21/1992	Ministry of Transportation	Waste	Safety	Article 69(1) 87(1,2) 65(1),66(1,2) 29 (1,2,3) 5(1),6,119(1,2), 30,120, 121124,126		-
Law No. 23/1992	Ministry of Health		Safety	Article 23		1
Law No. 10/1995	Ministry of Finance		Licence Storage Transportation Safety Recording & Reporting Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 85(1,2) 24(1,2,3) 7(1,2,3,4,5) 11,81(1,2) 79,80 5(1,2),7(1,2) 8(3),10(1-4) 11(1,2),20(1,4) 49,50,51,3,5,74,78 , 8182,84,86, 90, 92,112,113 7-11,82,83,86, 90,9,102,111-114, 44,48		1
Law No.11/1995	Ministry of Finance		Tax	Article 14(1,2),15		-
Government Regulation No.07/1973	Ministry of Agriculture	Pesticides	License, Registration, Controlling/Guidance Storage, Distribution, Use Fine	Article 2(1) 2(1,2) 4(1,2) 2(3),9 2(3) 4(1) 7,10,11 6,8		1
Government Regulation No.19/1973	Ministry of Mining & Energy		Controlling & Guidance	Article 2,3(1,2)		2
Government Regulation No.11/1975	National Atomic Energy Agency	Radioactive materials	Licence Safety Recording & Reporting Disposal & Recycling Fine	2 2,4 9,10 9,12 13(1,2)		2
Government Regulation No.12/1975	National Atomic Energy Agency	Radioactive materials	Licence Use Safety Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 2 2,4 9,10,12 13(11,2)		2
Government Regulation No.13/1975	Atomic Energy Agency	Radioactive materials	Licence Use Safety Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 4 6,8,9(1,2) 3,10 19,22 14,21 25(1,2)		2
Government Regulation No.17/1986	Ministry of Industry & Trade		Licence Reporting Controlling & Guidance	Article 5 1 1,2		1
Government Regulation No.13/1987	Ministry of Industry & Trade		Registration Licence Use Safety Controlling & Guidance Fine	Article 9 2(1) 13 14 8 11(1,2),12(1,2) 12(1,2,3,4 )

Chapter 5 : Ministries, Agencies and Other Institutions Managing Chemicals

5.1

Responsibilities of Different Government Ministries, Agencies and Other Institutions.

Various ministries and institutions are responsible for ensuring that chemicals do not cause hazard to human health and the environment. These authorities have issued legal instruments as well as guidelines and other measures which provide to some degree of protection.

The ministries and institutions involved in ensuring that no harm to human health and minimum damage to the environment because of using chemicals namely the Ministries of Health, Environment/ EIMA, Industry and Trade, Agriculture, Man Power, Mining and Energy, Defense and Security, Transportation, Finance (custom), National Atomic Energy Agency.

Table 5.A. Responsibilities of Different Government Ministries Agencies and Other Institutions 1

Stage of Lifecycle/ Ministry Concerned	Importation	Production	Storage	Transport	Distribution Marketing	Use/ Handling	Disposal
Environment/ EIMA	-	-	-	-	-	-	- x
Health	v	v	-	-	-	v	-
Agriculture	x	x	v	-	v	v	-
Man Power	v	-	-	-	-	v	-
Industry and Trade	x	x	x	-	x	-	-
Finance/ Customs	x	-	x	-	-	-	-
Transport	-	-	-	x	-	-	-
Defence and Security	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
National Atomic Energy Agency	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Mining and Energy	-	v	v	v	-	v	v

1 For each response, an " X" should be filled in. "V" means inadequate and - means not regulated

5.2

Description of Ministerial Authorities and Mandates

Ministry of Health

Ministry of Health concerns with the registration of certain chemicals, assessment of safety card, labelling and packaging, preparing monographs, giving information for managing poisoned person, as well as information, related to hazardous substances, monitoring of chemicals usage and handling through periodic reporting system, inspection and guidance. Other responsibilities are, pest control and environmental health.

Ministry of State for Environment

Ministry of State for Environmental primarily concerns with the maintenance of environmental quality, encouraged public awareness on their responsibilities for management of environment.

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Ministry of Industry and Trade, has the authority in issuing and withdrawing of license with respect to chemical enterprises.

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Agriculture mainly responsibles for registration, importation, labelling and packaging of pesticide. This ministry has the authority to issue and withdraw permit for distribution and usage of pesticide.

Ministry of Man Power

This ministry conducts inspection on working environment at the workplace, safety and occupational health.

Ministry of Mining and Energy

This ministry mainly concerns with the issuing and withdrawing of mining license, and responsible for all stages of the chemical life cycle within the scope of mining.

Ministry of Defense and Security.

This ministry responsibles for all stages of explosives life cycle.

Ministry of Transportation

This ministry deals with issuing permit for hazardous substances transportation including radioactive material and nuclear material

Ministry of Finance (Custom)

This ministry responsibles for the inspection of chemicals at the custom area to ensure that chemicals imported or exported comply with the regulations.

National Atomic Energy Agency

This ministry responsibles for regulation, licensing and inspection of all stages of radioactive materials life cycle.

5.3

Comments/Analysis

Ministers and institutions perform their respective functions in managing the chemicals based on the regulations issued.

Certain problems have been adequately managed through sound co-operation and co-ordination among the corresponding authorities. However, there some problems of chemical need to be managed jointly by several ministries.

Based on these facts, co-operation and co-ordination among related parties should be encouraged and strengthened to achieve sound management of chemicals.

Chapter 6 : Relevant Activities of Industry, Public Interest Groups and the Research Sector Outside of Government

The institution in this category are from universities and research institutions, professionals, industrial organizations and NGOs. These institutions play an important role in the management of chemicals, as government counterparts, sharing information and ideas to government.

6.1

Description of Organizations/Programmes

Professional and Industrial Organizations

Indonesian Crop Protection Industry Association

Address : Perdatam Raya 9 Jakarta
Phone : (021) 7994252
Fax : (021) 7914252
Related activity : Manufactures of Pesticides

Indonesian Surfactant Producer Association

Address : Gatot Subroto Kav 6-7 Jakarta
Phone : (021) 5256510
Fax : (021) 5200829

Association of Plastic Raw Material

Address : Cilincing Raya, Tanjung Priok Jakarta
Phone : (021) 4300529
Fax : (021) 496083

Indonesian Synthetic Resin Association

Address : A. Yani 2 Jakarta
Phone : (021) 4692208
Fax : (021) 4892464

Indonesian Chemical Association

Phone : (021) 7270027
Fax :
Members of this association are chemists

The Professional Association on Industrial Hygiene, Occupational and Safety Health, Indonesia

Phone : (021) 4246335
Fax : (021) 4209114

PT. Persada Pamunah Limbah Industri (an affiliation of Waste Management International Inc)

Phone : 062-21-823.0307
Fax : 062-21-823.0308

This is a first hazardous waste treatment facility in South East Asia which has capability to treat and dispose hazardous waste by providing first class landfill.

Universities, Research Institutes

Indonesian Science and Research Institute

Address : Gatot Subroto
Phone : (021) 5251542
Fax : (021) 5207226

University of Indonesia

Address :
Phone : (021) 7270027
Fax : (021) 7270012

Institute Technology Bandung

Address :
Phone : (022) 210919
Fax : (022) 210919

Non-Governmental Organizations

Indonesian Consumer Protection Institution

Phone : (021) 7971378
Fax : (021) 7981038

The aim of this agency is to provide protection to the public/consumers against commodities which may harm human health.

6.2

Summary of Expertise Available Outside of Government

The expertise outside of Government play an important role in providing government with ideas and suggestions.

Table 6.A: Summary of Expertise Available Outside of Government 1

Field of Expertise	Research Institutes	Universities	Industry	Environment/Consumer Group	Labour Unions	Professional Org.
Data Collection	v	v	v	v	-	v
Testing of Chemicals	v	v	v	-	-	-
Risk Assessment	v	v	v	-	-	v
Risk Reduction	v	v	v	-	-	v
Policy Analysis	v	v	v	v	v	v
Training and Education	v	v	v	v	v	v
Research on Alternatives	v	v	v	-	-	v
Monitoring	v	v	v	v	v	v
Enforcement	-	-	-	-	-	-
Information to Workers	v	v	v	-	v	v
Information to Public	v	v	v	v	-	v

1 For each entry in this table further information should be provided which will allow concerned parties to understand the nature of the activity, where it takes place and how to obtain further information.

Note : - means no available data

6.3

Comments / Analysis

Almost all information on management of chemicals can be obtained from the government, on the other hand government expects NGOs for providing information related to management of chemicals.

NGO, have opportunity to deliver ideas and suggestions to government on chemicals in general sense but they have no capacity to make decision.

Some big industries have formulated Code of practice for their own concern and material Safety Data Sheet.

To some extent NGO, inform the public through printed or electronic mass media on certain issues relating to chemicals.

Chapter 7 : Inter-ministerial Commissions and Co-ordinating Mechanisms

7.1

Inter-ministerial Commissions and Co-ordinating Mechanisms.

There is a number mechanisms available for co-ordinating among relevant institutions. The aims of such mechanisms have been to share the information and collaboration among representatives of various ministries in implementing policies and programmes concerning the sound management of chemicals.

Table 7.A.: Overview of Inter-ministerial Commissions and Co-ordinating Mechanisms.

Name of Mechanisms	Responsibilities	Secretariat	Members	Legislative Mandate/ Objective	Information Provided in Section 7.2. (yes/no)	Effectiveness
Pesticide Commission	Registration, labelling, packaging, distribution, storage, usage of pesticide	MOA	M O A M O H MOMP O S H University Experts	Government regulation on control of distribution, storage and usage of pesticide	Yes	1
MOH-NAEA Joint Commission	Safety of radiation on health	NAEA MOH	NAEA M O H Professionals	Health act and Radioactive act	Yes	2
Security Council	Import, distribution, usage of explosives	MODS	MODS ISMA	Presidential Decree on procurement of explosives	Yes	2
Occupational Health and Work Safety Board	Occupational Safety Health	MOMP	Intersectoral	Ministerial Decree No.325/1985 work Safety act	Yes	1
Commission of Analysis on Environmental Impact (AMDAL)	Analyzing the environmental impact	Each Institution, Sectoral or Intersectoral	Intersectoral	Ministerial Decree No. 13/1994	Yes	1

1 Rank between 1 and 3 : excellent (1), adequate (2), or poor (3),

7.2

Description of Inter-ministerial Commissions and Co-ordinating Mechanisms

All the existing inter ministerial Commission and Co-ordinating Mechanisms are centralized at the national level except occupational health and work safety board and commission of analysis on Environmental impact which has branches in every provinces. Members of the provincial commission are as follows :

Permanent Members

Directorate of AMDAL Development, Control and Monitoring of the Environmental Impact Management Agency
Representative(s) of the Office of the Minister of State for the Environmental
Representative(s) appointed by the Minister of Home Affairs
Representative(s) of the Investment Co-ordination Board
Representative(s) of the National Land Agency
Representative(s) of the Land Use National Planning.

Non-Permanent Members.
1. Representative(s) of the Deputy for Pollution Control of the Environmental Impact Management Agency, in connection with issues pertaining to the Environmental Impact Assessment of the Interrogated/multisectoral business or activity in question
2. Representative(s) of the Ministries or non Government Agencies Associated having technical jurisdiction over the operation of the integrated/multisectoral business or activity in question
3. Representative(s) of the other Ministries or non Government Agency Associated with integrated/multisectoral business or activity in question
4. Representative(s) of the regional government where the integrated/multisectoral business or activity in question is located.
5. Representative(s) of non-governmental organizations
6. Expert in the field of the integrated/multisectoral business or activity in question
7. Other members deemed necessary at the direction of the Minister of State for the Environment/Head of the Environment Impact Management Agency

7.3

Description of Mechanisms for Obtaining Input from Non-Government Bodies

Information from NGOs, is obtained through consultative meetings, workshops, seminars, correspondence and other type of media.

7.4

Comments / Analysis

The existing co-ordinating mechanisms, so far, have been working reasonably. Frequency of meetings held by respective commission depends on the need and urgency of the problems.

The assessment of the membership of each institution in the commissions need to be regularly verified based on the functions and responsibilities of the corresponding institution.

The available co-ordination and co-operation mechanisms have not covered all aspects of chemicals, there for an inter-ministerial commission and co-ordinating mechanism in the area of chemical management need to be set up. there are some problems on chemicals need to be managed jointly by several authorities.

Based on these facts co-operation and co-ordination among related parties should be encouraged and strengthened to achieve sound management of chemicals.

Chapter 8 : Data Access and Use

8.1

Availability of Data for National Chemicals Management.

The availability and reliability of information is the key factors to sound chemicals management.

In the process of making good decision data and information with respect to various aspects of chemicals management are required. These should also accommodate the production import, usage, beneficial, adverse effect to human health and environment, etc. The nature of the data collected depends on the provision of adequate resources. Table 8A shows the assessment of data available at the national level.

Table 8.A : Quality and Quantity of Available Information1

Data Needed for to	Pesticides (Agriculture, public health & consumer use)	Industrial Chemicals	Consumer Chemicals	Chemical Wastes
Priority Setting	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair
Assess Chemicals Impact under Local Condition	Fair	Fair	Fair	Good
Risk Assessment (environment/health)	Fair	Fair	Fair	Good
Classification/ Labelling	Good	Good	Good	Good
Registration	Good	Fair	Fair	Fair
Licensing	Good	Good	Good	Fair
Permitting	Good	Good	Good	Fair
Risk Reduction Decisions	Good	Fair	Good	Good
Accident Preparedness/ Response	Fair	Fair	Fair	Fair
Poisoning Control	Fair	Fair	Good	Good
Emissions Inventories		Fair	Fair	Good
Inspections & Audits (environment/health)	Fair	Good	Good	Good
Information to workers	Good	Good	Good	Good
Information to the public	Good	Good	Good	Good

8.2

Location of National Data

The CBS is the central source of information covering all national activities including production and trade statistics. The CBS has statistical units attached to facilitate data collection covering all national activities.

Table 8.B : Location of National Data



Type of Data

Location(s)

Data Source

Who has access

How to gain access

Format

Production Statistics

CBS

MOH

MOIT

Public

on request

File/data base

Import Statistics

CBS

MOH

MOIT

Public

on request

File/data base

Export Statistics

CBS

MOH

MOIT

Public

on request

File/data base

Chemical Use Statistics

CBS

Public

Public

on request

File

Industrial Accident Report

MOMP

MOMP

Selective

on request

File

Transport Accident Report

MOT

DGOLTP

Related

Personal

on request

File

Occupational Health Data (agriculture)

MOMP

MOMP

Selective

on request

File

Occupational Health Data (industrial)

MOMP

MOMP

Selective

on request

File

Poisoning Statistics

CBS

MOH

MOH

Public

on request

on request

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

EIMA

EIMA

Public

on request

on request

Hazardous Waste Data

EIMA

EIMA

Public

on request

on request

Register of Pesticides

MOA

MOA

Public

on request

on request

Listing of Toxic Chemicals

MOH

MOH

Industry

Public

on request

on request

Inventory of Existing Chemicals

MOH

Industry

Importer

Public

on request

on request

Register of Importers

MOIT

Importers

Public

on request

on request

Register of Producers

MOIT



Industries

Public

PIC Decisions

MOH

EIMA

Public

on request

File

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

EIMA

Commission of

Analysis on Environmental Impact

MOTPT

MOA

MOPW

MOH

MODS

MOME

NAEA

MOFO

MOIT

MOT

MOTR

MOHA

TAAA

Public

on request

Book, file document

Hazardous Waste

EIMA

Directorate for Hazardous Waste Management

Public

on request

File document

8.3

Procedures for Collecting and Disseminating National/Local Data

Industries and other institutions which deal with chemicals are subject to submit reports to the respective authorities in terms of data on production, importation, distribution (certain chemicals), cases of poisoning, accidents, etc. Most data is accessible by the public based on the eligibility on request. Confidential data is only accessible to particular authorities.

Each ministry has its own system in collecting and disseminating national/local data relevant to their functions. Data on the health and environmental effects on chemicals is now being maintained by the Ministry of Health through its subordinate office. The Environmental Impact Management Agency is also developing data base of the environmental effect of chemicals. Various government authorities such as Central Bureau of Statistics maintains data related to specific chemicals used in Indonesia for different concerns. For public concerns there is no restriction to access information from the government. However, for information classified as confidential will fall into the decision of the corresponding ministries.

8.4

Availability of International Literature

International literature are obtained from and through UN agencies, authorized sources, recommended books and journals.

Table 8.C : Availability of International Literature

Literature

Location(s)

Who has access

How to gain access

Environmental Health Criteria Documents (WHO)

MOH

Public

On request

Health and Safety Guides (WHO)

MOH

MOMP

Public

on request

International Chemicals Safety Data Cards (IPCS/EC)

MOH

MOMP

Public

on request

Decision Guidance Documents for PIC Chemicals (FAO/UNEP)

MOA

EIMA

Public

on request

FAO/WHO Pesticide Safety Data Sheets

MOA

Public

on request

Documents from the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues

MOH

MOA

Public

on request

Material Safety Data Sheets (industry)

MOH

Public

on request

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals

NSC

Public

on request

Good Laboratory Practice Principles

MOH

MOIT

Public

on request

Good Manufacturing Practice Principles

MOH

Public

on request

WHO/UNEP Global Env. Library Network

EIMA

Public

on request

8.5

Availability of International Databases.

Table 8.D : Availability of International Databases



Database

Locations(s)

Who has access

How to gain access

IRPTC

EIMA

Public

on request

ILOCIS

MOP

Public

on request

IPCS INTOX

MOH

Public

on request

Chemical Abstract Service Database

MOH

Public

on request

Global Information Network on Chemicals (GINC)2

-

-

-

STN Database 3

-

-

-

Relevant Databases from Other Countries 4

MOH

Related Person

on request

This should include a description of any restriction on access
In the process of being developed, to link information centres
STN; Scientific and Technical Information Network, US Chemicals Abstract Service
These should be specified.

8.6

National Information Exchange Systems

Exchange of information among institutions and individuals is on request to the head of institutions where the data are kept and it is well maintained so far. International materials received, a summary of the critical information may be made and distributed to concerned parties.

8.7

Comments/Analysis.

Gaps in literature/information and its distribution still exist among related parties due to the consistent in facilities, budged arrangement, human resources and lack of knowledge of the related parties on the handling and the impact of hazardous substances.

It seems that there is no overlapping or conflicting sources of information related to the chemical management, because every ministry has its own respective source for respective concern. Besides, the terms used by each ministry are based on the applicable international standards.

The existing database on chemicals are now only located in limited sectors while the others are still very limited in reliability since they are operated manually and the data import will merely depended on the eagerness of the operator. Fortunately, a number of the ministries are eager to develop and improve their database.

National Poison Information Centre under the MOH has its own database related to poisoning in general and serving information on chemicals to concerned parties. This Centre has been interlinked with provincial Poison Information Centre in a network system.

The existing mechanism for the exchange of information among related ministries are now being undertaken by each ministry to improve its infrastructure and facilities as well as human resources development.

Constraints in budget, facilities and human resources also result in insufficiency to access the available international databases as a means to improve and up-date data. Actually, all concerned parties have appropriate access to information relevant to their interest. Since the coverage of each database is limited, it would probably not satisfy every party in need for information.

Chapter 9 : Technical Infrastructure

9.1

Overview of Laboratory Infrastructure

Laboratory facilities for chemical analysis are presently available at several ministries and institutions such as National Atomic Energy Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Man Power, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Environmental Impact Management Agency and Indonesian Institute of Sciences.

These governmental laboratories have been designed to meet the requirements of each institution, such as analysis of pesticide residues and heavy metals in foodstuffs, fruits, vegetables, dangerous and poisonous substances, and, pharmaceuticals. Such laboratories are also used as the place for research and testing on the quality and safety of medicines, veterinary drugs, cosmetics, narcotics, and pesticides as well. In addition, laboratories may be used as the place for training and courses for staffs on chemicals analysis.

For laboratories which conduct pesticide residue analysis and environmental monitoring, a laboratory network has been established.

Most of the laboratories utilizes internationally - recognized protocols such as WHO, FAO, USP, Codex Alimentarius Commission ( CAC), EPA, and other relevant guidances. A National Standardization Council by which national programmes for improving the quality and the quantity of the relevant laboratories, has been set up.

Table 9.A : Overview of Laboratory Infrastructure for Regulatory Chemical Analysis

Name/Description

of Laboratory

Location

Equipment/Analytical Capabilities Available

Accreditation

(if yes, by whom ?)

Certified

GLP

(yes/no)

Purpose

National Atomic Energy Agency

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, GCMS, TLC

no

no

Analysis for pest-

icides, heavy metals and natural chemicals

Environmental Impact Management Agency

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, GCMS, TLC

no

no

Analysis for pest- icide residues, dangerous and poison substances

Foodcrops and Horticulture Pro-

tection Centre II

Padang, West Sumatera

GC, HPLC, TLC

no

no

Analysis for pest cide residues in foodcrops and horticulture and pesticide formula-tion quality

Foodcrops and Horticulture Pro- tection Centre IX

Maros, Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi

GC, HPLC, TLC

no

no

Analysis for pesticide residues in foodcrops and horticulture and pesticide formula- tion quality

Research and Development Centre for Oceanology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, GCMS

no

no

Research on marine and pesticide residue analysis

Research Institute for Foodcrops Biotechnology

Bogor, West Java

GC, HPLC, TLC

no

no

Analysis for pesticide residues in foodcrops and their environment

Research and Development Center for Food Technology

Bogor, West Java

GC, HPLC, GCMS, TLC.

no

no

Analysis for food composition

National Laboratory for Drug and Food Control,

MOH

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, GCMS, TLC, ICPAES, AAS

no

no

Analysis for drugs foods and beverages, pesticide residues, cosmetics, hazard-ous chemicals

Institute for Research and Development Chemical Industry

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, AAS

no

no

Analytical

Training

consulting

Directorate of Foodcrops Protection

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, AAS, TLC, GCMS

no

no

Analysis for pesticide formulation and residues

Research and Development Centre for Pharmacy

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, AAS, TLC

no

no

Pesticide residue analysis and pharmaceuticals

Health Laboratory Office

Surabaya, East Java

GC, TLC, AAS

no

no

Analysis for pesticide residue, water chemicals and foods and beverages



Quality Control and Certification of Veterinary Drugs

Serpong, West Java

GC, HPLC, AAS, TLC



no

no

Quality assurance for veterinary drugs, residue of livestock-origin materials and livestock-origin microbial contamination

OSH Laboratory

(Ministry of Man Power)

Jakarta and provinces

GC, HPLC, AAS, GC-MS, X-ray Diffractometer and Particle Sizing

no

no

Working place environment, Industrial Toxicology, Industrial Pesticides

Health Laboratory Office, Samarinda

Samarin-

da East Kaliman-

tan

GC, AAS

no

no

Clinical pathology health chemical and microbiology

Centre for Guidance and Testing of Fishery Product Quality

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, TLC, GCMS, AAS

no

no

Analysis for pesticide residue and fish products quality

Health Laboratory Office

Jakarta

GC, TLC, AAS

no

no

Analysis of environment, food and beverages, toxicology, anal-

ysis of pesticide residue in food and beverages

Estate Crop Protection Centre

Medan,

North Sumatera

GC, HPLC, TLC

no

no

Analysis of pesticide quality and residues

PT Sucofindo

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, TLC, GCMS, AAS

no

no

Analysis and testing of natural and industrial products

Centre for Industrial Agricultural Products

Jakarta

GC, HPLC, TLC, AAS

no

no

Analysis of agricultural products for food raw material and semifinished- and finished foodstuffs and livestock feedings

Environmental Health Laboratories Institute

Jakarta, Yogyakar-ta Surabaya

AAS, GC, UV-Vis Spectropho-tometer

no

no

Waste and water

Institute for Research and Development of Industry

12 Provinces

AAS, GC, UV-Vis Spectropho-tometer

no

no

Waste

Environmental Health Technique Office

Jakarta

Yogyakar-ta

Surabaya

AAS

GC

-

-

Environmental

Provincial Health Laboratory Office

Through-

out Indonesia

AAS

GC

-

-

Health

District Laboratory

46 Districts

Spectropho-tometer

-

-

Water analysis

Provincial Laboratory for Drug and Food Control

at all 27 Provinces

GC, HPLC, TLC, UV-Spetrophotometer, Drager tube for preliminary detection of hazardous chemicals (at 20 provinces)

no

no

Drugs, foods and beverages,

pesticide residue, cosmetics, toxic chemicals

Research and development Institute of Public Works Ministry

Jakarta

no

no

Water, soil

9.2

Overview of Government Information Systems/Computer Capabilities

Computer systems which provide information regarding chemicals have been available at the Ministries of Health, Man Power, Agriculture, Industry and Trade and Environmental Impact Management Agency. Some of these have been interlinked with internet and E- mail facilities. However, to some extent the operating system of the computer in each ministry may not be compatible with one another.

Table 9. B : Computer Capabilities



Computer

System/Database

Location

Equipment available

Current Uses

Database

MOH

Micromedex , Poisindex,

MSDS,

Toxline,

Chem data,

Scanner,

INTOX,

Window NT Server Ver.3.5.1, Window NT Server Rel. 4,0, Back Office NT (SQL,SNA,System Management,MS Mail, SQL Data Base ) Netscape Navigator For Window 95, Internet Webserver for windows NT, Web Server, Web Browser, Router Develoan Type Orbiter 3000 double link, CD Rom 8 speed, Extrenal modem suport V 42/Bis MNP - 5

Information and processing internet

CIS

MOMP

CD ROM

Information and processing

FOXPRO

MOIT

Servers, Computer software, Communication, operating system

Data processing,

Internet

Data base

MOA

-IBM PC Compatible

-Chemdata

-Micromedex

-Paltox

-Ibmnet(Internet)

Data processing and storage

Information procesing internet

Internet System/ Environmental Impact Management Agency Homepage

EIMA

-Webserver (Dell Optiplex P166)

-Mailserver (Dell Optiplex P66)

-Newserver (Dell Optiplex P166)

-FTP server (Dell Optiplex P166)

-Router Cisco 2501

-Lissed Line 64 K

-NTU Modem 64K

-Asyncronous Modem 28.8 Kbps (8 units)

-Scanner scanjet

4 C

-UNIX FreeBSD 2.1.5

-UNIX FreeBSD 2.1.6

-Apache 1.1.3

-Inter Net News

-WU-FTPD 2.4.2

Internet System/ Environmental Impact Management Agency Homepage

EIMA

LAN Server (Dell Optiplex P 100) & Webserver (Dell Optiplex P 166) & Nameserver (Dell Optiplex P 66)

-25 Node Workstation

-4 Hub 16 port

-Novell Netware 4.1

- Unix PreeBSD 2.1.5

-UNIX FreeBSD 2.1.6

Data communica-

tion and query

LAN System

EIMA

-LAN Server (Dell Optiplex P 100)

-Novell Netware 4.1

-SQL Base 6.0.1

Data communic-

ation and query

LAN System

UI, Jakarta



9.3

Overview of Technical Training and Education Programmes

A number of universities and institutes have been performing training, particularly on chemistry, toxicology and environment from diploma, bachelor, master and doctoral programmes.

Some trainings can also be conducted by government institutions for staffs who are responsible for chemicals management and they are eligible to receive certificates.

Table 9.3 : Technical Training and Education Programmes



No.

Technical Training/

Education

Institution

Purpose

1.

Training for pesticide residue in foodcrops and horticulture

MOA

Improving skills on the analysis of pesticide residue

2.

Work Place Air Pollutant
Monitoring
Pesticides destroyed

MOMP

MOA

Air pollutant monitoring

Improving skills on pesticides destroyed

3.

- Health and Safety

Emergency Response

- Laboratory QA/AC

- Air Quality Technique

- Water Quality Technique

- Industrial Waste Water

Treatment

- Air pollution control

- Emission measurement

technique

- Water pollution control

- Analysis of toxic

substances

- Industrial waste water

treatment technique

- Ion chromatography

technology and

monitoring of wastewater

- Traces analysis and toxic

metal in environmental

of Indonesia

- Environmental Radio

Activity Analysis and

Measurement

- Medical Waste

Management

EIMA

Monitoring of environment quality and corresponding activities

4.

- Training Seminars for Provincial Health Officials in the use of Inspection Kits for Hazardous Substances.

- Training Course on Poison Centre Management and Operation.

- Intensive Briefing on Chemical Safety.

- Training Course on Toxic Chemicals to Environment and Health.

- Training Course on Establishment of Poison Centre.

- In service Training for National And Provincial Level Poison Information Centre and Hospital Staff

- Training Course on Principles of Toxicology

- Computer Training on Intox Application

- Workshop on Prevention, Risk Reduction and Tackling of Hazardous Substances Consequence

- Advanced Training on Toxicology

MOH

Improving capability and technical skills of staffs dealing with poisoning cases and related matters

5.

Training for heavy metals, pesticide residues, toxic substances and toxicology

National Laboratory for Drugs and Foods, Ministry of Health

Improving technical skills of the analysts on the relevant matters

6.

Environmental Impact Analysis

Most of recognized Universities/ Institutes

Educating staffs on chemical management



9.4

Comments/Analysis

The number of existing laboratories is still inadequate. Moreover, such laboratories are mainly concentrated in Java except laboratory at the Provincial Drug and Food Control and Provincial Health Laboratory Office existed in each province throughout Indonesia. Therefore, procurement of additional laboratories outside Java is of primary importance in order to strengthen chemicals management at national level.

Laboratory network and the referral laboratory at national level are of necessary.

Chapter 10 : International Linkages

10.1

Co-operation and Involvement with International Organizations, Bodies and agreements

Indonesia has been participating in various activities conducted by international organizations, by assigning delegates/representatives from pertinent institutions and ministries. This proves that at ministry level there is a national focal point which can be kept in touch with international organizations constantly.

Indonesia has been the party in the activities relating to chemical safety, monitoring pesticide residues in foodcrops and horticulture and environmental health (as shown in Table 10 A).

The participation of Indonesia in chemicals management covers the Agenda 21-Commission for Sustainable Development, FAO of Conduct, ILO Convention 170, International Convention in Chemical Safety, etc.

Table 10. A : Membership in International Organizations, Programmes and Bodies

International Organization/Body/Activity

National Focal Point (Ministry/ Agency and Primary Contact Point) 1

Other Ministries/ Agencies Involved

Related National Activities

Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS)

Director General for Drug and Food Control MOH

line ministries

Chemical safety (agenda 21 Chapter 19) sound management of chemicals

UNEP

IRPTC - National Correspondent

IE/PAC - Cleaner Production Center

MOSE

EIMA

EIMA

line ministries

line ministries

line ministries



CP Program

IPCS

Director General for Drug and Food Control , MOH

line ministries

Chemical safety

WHO

MOH

line ministries

Chemical safety

FAO

Secretary General MOA

-MOH

-MOIT

-and line ministries

-Pesticides residues in Food

-Pesticide Control

UNIDO

Director of Chemical Industry MOIT

MOA, MOH, ICPIA

Activities in regional network on pesticide for Asia and Pacific

ILO

Directorate of OSH Supervision

MOMP

World Bank

-

-

-

Regional Development Bank

-

-

-

OECD

-

-

-

Regional Economic

UNITAR

Director General for Drug and Food Control MOH

line Ministries

National Profiles to asses the infrastructure for Management of Chemicals

Table 10. B : Participation in International Agreements/Procedures Related to Chemicals Management

  International Agreements

Primary Responsible Agency

Relevant National Implementation Activities 2

Agenda 21-Commission for Sustainable Development

MOSE

Implementation on Environment Quality Management (Air, water, etc.)

UNEP /FAO London Guidelines (voluntary procedure) 1

EIMA and Pesticide Commission (MOA)

Hazardous waste management Transboundary movement of Hazardous PIC procedure Waste

FAO Code of Conduct (voluntary procedure) 1

Chairman of Pesticide Commission MOA

-Pesticides Registration

-Control of the sale, storage and use of pesticides

-PIC

Montreal Protocol

MOSE

Phasing out ODS Implementing MP

ILO Convention 170

Directorate of OSH Supervision

OSH in Workplaces

UN Recommendation for the Transport of Dangerous Goods

MOT Directorate General of Sea Transportation

Dangerous Good manifest Fitness Certification

Basel Convention

EIMA

Hazardous Waste Management Transboundary movement of Hazardous Substances

London Convention

GATT/WTO Agreements

(related to chemicals trade)

MOIT

Licensing

Chemicals Weapon Convention

MOFA

Inspection

Regional

-MOSE

-EIMA

-MOSE

-MOSE

Implementation of the ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Transboundary Pollution (Haze Pollution Persistent Organic Pollutants)

Implementation of the ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Environmental Quality Standard (Water and Air Quality)

Implementation of the ASEAN Cooperation Plan on Seas and Marine Management Monitoring Seas, Marine Quality and Land Based Pollution)

Bilateral

-EIMA

- Asean-Australia Waste Water Treatment Technology Transfer and Cleaner Production Demonstration Project

- Indonesia-Singapore joint Committee on the Environment

Agenda 21 Chapter 19

DGODFC, MOH

Six Programme areas emphasized on programme area E ( Sound Management of Chemicals)

10.2

Participation in Relevant Technical Assistance Projects

Project activities of chemical management, environmental management and environmental health are available at the Ministry of Health, supported by WHO and UNDP.

Table 10. C : Participation as Recipient in Relevant Technical Assistance Project

Name of Project

International/Bilateral Donor Agency Involved

National Contact Point

Relevant Activities

Chemical Safety

WHO

MOH

Chemical Management

Environment Quality Monitoring System

WHO

MOH

Environmental Management

Environmental Health Impact Assessment Agenda 21 Chapter 19

UNDP

DGODFC

MOH

MOH

EIMA

MOSE

Health Impact

Q11 (AIDAB)

Australia

National Institute Center of OSH

-Training

-Research

Training Programme Pollution Development

World Bank

EIMA

Environmental Training Programme Development

Pollution Control Implementation

Australia

EIMA

Hazardous Waste Management, Waste Water Management, Cleaner Production

Abatement to Industries regarding to Pollution Control

OECF, Japan

EIMA

Regional Monitor - ring Capacity Abatement Equipment

Collaborative Environmental Programme in Indonesia

Canada

EIMA

Pollution Control, EIA and Cleaner Production.

Cleaner Production Programme

GTZ, Germany

EIMA

Water Quality Management, Cleaner Production, Institutional Development

Network of Industrial in Environmental Management

UNEP

EIMA

Cleaner Product - ion Implement - ation

10.3

Comments/Analysis

The implementation of international agreements on particular matters is conducted through intersectoral commissions or co-ordinating teams. The focal point for each commission or team is usually located at the institution which is considered to be the primary responsible agency. These commissions or teams organise their meetings on a regular basis to provide directions, monitor, and evaluate progress.

Focal point has the responsibility of collecting, compiling and distributing data and information as well as providing suggestion(s) to authorities dealing with chemicals management.

The integration activities of the international organizations into the national programme, so far, have been performed well. Appropriate co-ordination among the members of the commissions or teams needs to be strengthened at the national level. In principle, all aids from International Organizations are co-ordinated by National Development Planning Agency except for certain programmes which can be organized by related authorities through agreements. Existing linkages with international organizations that support chemicals management should be strengthened through improved co-ordination mechanism, better communication, redefinition of priorities, better adaptations to local condition, etc.

To improve the capacity and capability of the existing institutions relating to sound management of chemicals, it is a necessity to elaborate the existing infrastructures, facilities and well trained human resources.

Chapter 11 : Awareness/Understanding of Workers and the Public

11.1

Legal Instrument on the Awareness of Workers and Public

To protect the workers and public from dangerous chemical exposure, it is necessary to have great awareness and sufficient knowledge on chemical substances and the control measures. In this regard, governmental regulations have been issued such as :

Law No. 11 year 1970 designated the employer and worker right and responsibility in the implementation of OSH.
Ministry of Man Power Decree No. 3 year 1985 on the use of asbestos at the work place.
Ministry of Defense and Security Decree No. 10 year 1988 on explosives handling.
Government Regulation No.7 year 1973 on Controlling of Distribution, Storage and Usage of Pesticides.
Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 429 year 1973 on The Packaging and Labelling Requirements for Pesticides.

11.2

Awareness and Understanding by the Workers and Public

To increase the public awareness and knowledge upon chemical risk and the control when accident occurred, government institutions or private sectors encourage and enforce education and training.

Supporting sources such as books, leaflets or other forms of information can be provided to the workers and public. In addition, continuous monitoring as well as periodical inspection against the chemical risk/danger are of necessary.

Chapter 12 : Resources Available and Needed for Chemicals Management

12.1

Resources Available in Government Ministries/Institution

Educational level and the number of staffs required by each ministry for management of chemicals depend on the respective ministry and fund available.

Table 12. A : Resources Available in Government Ministries/Institution

Ministry/Agency Concerned

Number of Professional Staff Involved

Type of Expertise Available

Financial Resources Available (per year)

Environment

8

-ecotoxicologist

-pesticide manager

---

Health

600

-Engineer

-Inspector

-Analyst

-Medical Doctor

-Pharmacist

-Chemist

-Biologist

-Environmental

Health Sanitarian

---

Agriculture

90

-Chemist

-Chemical analyst

---

Labor

60

-Chemical safety Inspector

-Chemical analyst

---

Industry and Trade

100

-Chemist

-Chemical analyst

---

Finance

---

---

---

Transport

40

Inspector

Defense and Security

50

Technician

Environmental Impact Management Agency

100

-Chemical analyst

-Inspector

---

12.2

Resources Needed by Government Institutions to Fulfill Responsibilities related to Chemicals Management

Chemistry, toxicology and environmental science have been the most required educational background for chemicals management in each ministry/institution.

In this regard, some trainings, in the field of chemical safety, environmental management, pesticide handling, analysis for pesticide residues, monitoring of pesticides, toxicology, ecotoxicology and other related topics are of great importance.

Table 12.B : Resources Needed by Government Institutions to Fulfill Responsibilities Related to Chemicals Management

Ministry/Agency Concerned
Number/Type of Professional Staff Needed

Training Requirements

Environment

---

Health

1000

-Training course on risk assessment and risk management

-Training course on risk reduction

-Training course on improvement of inspectors capability

-Training course on emergency preparedness

-Training course on management of poisoning

-Training course on toxicology

-Training course on chemical safety

-Training course on environmental health impact assessment

-Training course on environmental health management

-Training course on chemical analysis

-Training course and pesticide and chemical residues analysis

Agriculture

150

(chemical safety and chemical analyst)

-Training course on pesticides handling

-Training course in pesticide residues analysis and monitoring

Labor

50

(chemical safety and chemical analyst)

Industry and Trade

270

(chemist and chemical analyst)

-Residue Analysis

-Good Laboratory Practice

-polymer analysis

EIMA

800 (for year 2000)

Effluent standard of Marine & its usage

Marine & coastal pollution

Pollution control technique

Marine & coastal sampling technique

Laboratory analysis method & technique

Waste water sampling methods & technique

Water pollution inspector

Air pollution control

Hazardous waste treatment

Hazardous waste disposal

Hazardous waste storage

Procedure of hazardous waste characterization

Hazardous waste transpor - tation

Clean up

Fire/land prevention & Control

Water quality management

Pollution prevention & control

Solid waste disposal management

Industrial waste water treatment

Transport

100

-Handling and safe transport of chemicals

-Supervision training on chemical aspects

Defense and Security

200

Training course on chemical safety

12.3

Comments/Analysis

To some degree, the technical capacity of various national ministries / agencies to address the management of chemical is reasonably adequate. Their capacities are linked to corresponding functions of each ministries / agencies.

On the basis of current chemicals management, inter-ministerial co-operation and information link among ministries / agencies need to be encouraged. International cooperation through internet linking or other means of information transmission should be established. The capability and capacity of the existing human resources should be developed. Special attention should be paid on continuing human resources training in the area of chemical management including inspection techniques as well as laboratory skills.

A good strategy should be developed to mobilize sufficient technical and human resources to ensure the sound chemical management

ANNEXES

Annex 1

MEMBER OF NATIONAL COORDINATING TEAM

1. Drs. Wisnu Katim

Director General for Drag and Food Control

Ministry of Health

Phone 4244691

Fax 4244947

2. Dra. Fawrita Cadick

Director for Narcotics and Hazardous Substances Control

Ministry of Health

Phone 4257757

Fax 4207683

3. Budi Yahmono, SH

Head, Legal and Public Relation Affairs Bureau

Ministry of Health

Phone 5201586

Fax 5201586

4. dr. I Nyoman Kandun

Head, Director of Epidemiology and Immunization

Ministry of Health

Phone 4245778

Fax 4207807

5. Ir. Riyanto B. Yoso Kumoro

Director Import, Directorate General International Trade

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Phone 4257757

Fax 4207683

6. Ir. H.A. Gazali

Director for Industry Chemical

Ministry of Industry and Trade

Phone 5255509, 5252482

Fax 5252978

7. Ir. Sutjahjo Reksoprodjo

Bureau of Planning

Ministry of Transportation

Phone 3454074

Fax 3454074

8. Kol. CPM. Sony Baksono, SH

Directorate General of Land Transportation

Ministry of Transportation

Phone 5706643

Fax 5706648

9. Capt. Sahid

Director for General Sea of Transportation

Ministry of Transportation

Phone 3840788

Fax 3857690

10. Ir. Cucuk Suryo Suprojo

Head, Directorate of Air Safety

Ministry of Transportation

Phone 3909409

Fax 4243365

11. Marsma TNI Dr. Nurman T. Lubis, DSM

Director for Material Facilities and Services

Ministry of Defence and Security

Phone 3828739

Fax 3520805

12. Drs. Rochiyat Natasaputra

Directorate Foreaign Information Services

Ministry of Information

13. Drs. Udi Rosadi, M.Sc.

Ministry of Information

Phone

Fax 3845786

14. dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc.

Director for Hygiene Health Enterprise and Work Health

Ministry of Man Power

Phone 4209114

Fax 5260489

15. Ir. Asbur

Director for Plan Protection

Ministry of Agriculture

Phone 7806131, 7804116

Fax 7805632

16. Drs. Yasril A. Burhanuddin

Directorate of International Organization

Ministry of Foreign Affair

Phone 3441508, 3452858

Fax 3858036

17. Dr. RTM Sutamihardjo

First Assistant to the Ministry of State for Environment

Phone 8580064, 8500067 Ext. 103

Fax 8580064

18. Moendi Poernomo, SH

National Atomic Energy Agency

Phone 5251109

Fax 5251110

19. Dra. Masnellyarti Hilman, M.Sc.

Head, Directorate Technical Development

Environmental Impact Management Agency

Phone 2511549, 2511540

Fax 2511549, 2512459

20. dr. Triono Soendoro, PhD.

Head, Bureau of Social Affairs, Nutrition and Health

National Development Planning Agency

Phone 3905650

Fax 3926603

21. Prof. Dr. Charles Siregar

Institute of Technology Bandung

Phone 022-210919

Fax 022-210919

Annex 2

MEMBER OF WORKING GROUP

1. Working Group I

a. Ir. H.A. Gazali : Chairman and Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

b. Ir. Agus Wahyudi : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

c. Ir. Asbur : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

d. Ir. Winarno : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

e. Ir. Daryanto : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

f. Drs. Udi Rosadi, M.Sc. : Member, Ministry of Information

g. Dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc. : Memebr, Ministry of Man Power

h. Drs. Nursiwan Taqim : Member, Ministry of State for Environment

i. Dr. Eduard Suhardono : Memebr, Ministry of Mining and Energy

j. Drs. Thomphson S., SKM, MM : Member, Ministry of Health

k. Dra. Dumaria Pangaribuan : Memebr, Ministry of Health

l. Sukmadi, M.Sc. : Memebr, Central Bureau Statistic

m. Dra. Indah S. : Member, Indonesian Consumers Protection Institute

2. Working Group II

a. Ir. H.A. Gazali : Chairman and Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

b. Ir. Agus Wahyudi : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

c. Ir. Ryanto B. Yosokumoro : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

d. Dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc. : Memebr, Ministry of Man Power

e. Dr. Siti Rohani, M.Sc. : Memebr, Ministry of Mining and Energy

f. Drs. Nursiwan Taqim : Member, Ministry of State for Environment

g. Drs. Weddy Mallyan : Member, Ministry of Health

h. Drs. Dasrul Chaniago, M.Sc. : Member, Environmental Impact Management Agency

i. Kolonel CPM Sony Baksono, SH : Memebr, Ministry of Transportation

j. Kapten Sahid : Memebr, Ministry of Transportation

k. Dr. Daeng Nasir : Member, Ministry of Finance

l. Dra. Martha Soinan : Member, Ministry of Health

m. Sukmadi, M.Sc. : Member, Central Bureau Statistic

n. Ir. Winarno : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

3. Working Group III

a. Dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc. : Chairman and Member, Ministry of Man Power

b. Soejatno, SH : Member, Ministry of Justice

c. Ir. Agus Wahyudi : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

d. Ir. Ryanto B. Yosokumoro : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

e. Jimmy Bella, SE : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

f. Ir. Daryanto : Member, Pesticide Commission

g. Tolopan Sianturi, SH : Member, Ministry of Health

h. Kolonel CPM Sony Baksono, SH : Memebr, Ministry of Transportation

i. Kapten Sahid : Memebr, Ministry of Transportation

j. Dr. Eduard Suhardono : Member, Ministry of Mining and Energy

k. Marsma. TNI Dr. Nurman T. : Member, Ministry of Defence and Security

l. Drs. Nursiwan Taqim : Member, University of Indonesia

m. Drs. Nurfranisal, M.Sc. : Member, University of Indonesia

n. Drs. Matua Sinaga : Member, National Atomic Energy Agency

o. Ir. Racman Subandi : Association Chemical Club Indonesia

p. M. Marbun Lumban Gaol, SH : Member, Ministry of Health

q. Faiq Bahfen, SH : Member, Ministry of Health

4. Working Group IV

a. Ir Asbur : Chaiman and Member, Ministry of Agriculture

b. Ir. Agus Wahyudi : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

c. Drs. Nursiwan Taqim : Member, Ministry of State for Environment

d. Drs. Yasril A. Burhanuddin : Member, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

e. Drs. Slamet Ichsan : Member, Ministry of Man Power

f. Dr. Triono Sundoro : Member, National Development Planning Agency

g. Drs. Nufranisal, M.Sc. : Member, University of Indonesia

h. Ir. Daryanto : Member, Pesticide Commission

i. Drs. Roland Hutapea, M.Sc. : Memebr, Ministry of Health

j. Dra. Martha Soinan : Member, Ministry of Health

5. Working Group V

a. Sugito, MA : Chairman and Member, Central Bureau Statistics

b. Ir. Ryanto B. Yosokumoro : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

c. Dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc. : Member, Ministry of Man Power

d. Drs. Arifin Kustiono : Member, National Atomic Energy Agency

e. Dr. Daeng Nasir : Member, Ministry of Finance

f. Ir. Sinta Saptarini, M.Sc. : Member, Environmental Impact Management Agency

g. Kolonel CPM Sony Baksono, SH : Member, Ministry of Transportation

h. Kapten Sahid : Memebr, Ministry of Transportation

i. Dr. Ir. Winarno, M.Sc. : Member, Ministry of Man Power

j. Ir. Asbur : Member, Ministry of Man Power

k. Ir. Daryanto : Member, Pesticide Commission

l. Ir. Drs. Masna Supriatna : Member, Ministry of Health

m. Ir. Drs. Satmoko Wisaksono : Member, Ministry of Health

6. Working Group VI

a. Kapten Sahid : Chairman and Member, Ministry of Transportation

b. Ir Cucu Suryosupojo : Member, Ministry of Transportation

c. Kolonel CPM Sony Baksono, SH : Member, Ministry of Transportation

d. Ir. Hermani : Member, Ministry of Transportation

e. Ir. Ryanto B. Yosokumoro : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

f. Ir. H. A. Gazali : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

g. Ir. Agus Wahyudi : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

h. Dr. Slamet Ichsan, M.Sc. : Member, Ministry of Industry and Trade

i. Dr. Eduard Suhardono : Member, Ministry of Mining and Energy

j. Ir. Asbur : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

k. Ir. Winarno : Member, Ministry of Agriculture

l. Ir. Daryanto : Member, Pesticide Commission

m. Drs. Nurfranisal, M.Sc. : Member, University of Indonesia

n. Drs. Thomphson S, SKM, MM. : Member, Ministry of Health

o. Drs. Lodewyk Edwin Nababan : Member, Ministry of Health

Annex 3

Annex 4

ACRONYMS

CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics

CSD : Commission for Sustainable Development

DGODFC-MOH : Derectorate General of Drug and Food Control - Ministry of Health

EIMA : Environment Impact Management Agency

EPA : Environmental Protection Agency

FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization

GATT : General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs

GDP : Gross Domestic Products

ICPI : Indonesian Consumers Protection Institute

ICS : Indonesian Chemical Society

EIPAC : Industry and Environment Programme Activity Center

IFCS : Inter-Governmental Forum on Chemical Safety

IIOS : Indonesian Institute of Science

ILO : International Labour Organization

IOMC : Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals

IOS : International Organization for Standardization

IPCS : International Programme on Chemicals Safety

IRPTC : International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals

ISG : Inter-Sessional Group of the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety

ISMA : Industrial Strategic Management Agency

ITB : Institute of Technology Bandung

MOA : Ministry of Agriculture

MODS : Ministry of Defense and Security

MOF : Ministry of Finance

MOFO : Ministry of Forestry

MOFA : Ministry of Foreign Affairs

MOI : Ministry of Information

MOIT : Ministry of Industry and Trade

MOMP : Ministry of Man Power

MOME : Ministry of Mining and Energy

MOPW : Ministry of Public Works

MOSE : Ministri of State for Environment

MOT : Ministry of Transportation

MOTPT : Ministry of Tourism, Post and Telecommunication

MOTR : Ministry of Transportation

NAEA : National Atomic Energy Agency

NCT : National Coordinating Team

NGO : Non-Governmental Organization

NDPA : National Development Planning Agency

NSC : National Standardization Council

OECD : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

OSH : Occupational Safety Health

PC : Pesticide Commission

TAAA : Technology Assessment and Application Agency

UI : University of Indonesia

UNCED : United Nation Conference on Environment and Development

UNDP : United Nation Development Programme

UNEP : United Nation Environment Programme

UNIDO : United Nation Industrial Development Organization

UNITAR : United Nation Institute for Training and Research

USP : The United States of Pharmacopoeia

WG : Working Group

WHO : World Healt Organization

Annex 5

GLOSSARY

Agricultural chemical means a chemical compound or mixture used to increase the productivity and quality of farm crops, including fertilizers and pesticides.

Consumer chemical means any industrial chemical whose product are meant for the direct or immediate use by the consumers, including cleaning agent, hygienic items, water treatment, etc.

Formulation means the selection of components of a product formula or mixture to provide optimum specific properties for the end use desire.

Environmental impact assessment means a systematic examination conducted to determine whether or not a proposed projector alteration or modification to an existing project or alternatives may have significant adverse or benificial impact on the environment.

Industrial chemical means large scale commercially manufactured chemical compound either organic or inorganic, which may be used directly or made to undergo further transformation in the production of detergents, drugs, fertilizers, perfumes, plastic and other synthetic finished chemical products.

License means an official document issued to enterprises (producers wholesalers, distributors) to allow them to operate dealing with chemicals.

Permit means an official written approval for chemicals to be imported, exported, distributed by enterprises.

Pesticide means any substances, organic or inorganic, used to destroy or inhibit the action of plan or animal pests, the term thus include insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, miticides, etc.

Pollution prevention means all interventions that maintain the qualities of possible contaminants at the lowest level in particular environment.

Production means all activities concerning the manufacture of goods/chemicals.

Risk assessment means the identification of environmental health hazard, their adverse effect, target populations and conditions of exposure.

Rural means a potential location generally situated in a remote area/inland or with low population density, where people are engaged predominantly in agricultural activities.

Trade means engagement in buying and selling of commodities including export, import, domestic distribution.

Urban means potential location with high population density where industries generally situated.